[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":425},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means":3,"answers-cluster-research-methods":107,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means":142},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":105,"updated":98,"__hash__":106},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means.md","What a P Value Actually Means","The probability of getting data at least as extreme as yours, if the null hypothesis were true and your model assumptions held. It is not the probability that the null is true, not the probability your finding is real, and not a measure of how large or important the effect is.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The definition is awkward because it is conditional on something you do not believe. It assumes the null hypothesis is exactly true, assumes your model is correct, and then asks how surprising your data would be. A small p value tells you the data sit uncomfortably with that whole package, and it does not tell you which part of the package is wrong.",[11,15,16],{},"That is why the common misreadings are wrong in a specific way. A p of 0.03 does not mean a 3 percent chance the null is true, and it does not mean a 97 percent chance your hypothesis is right. It says that data this extreme would occur 3 percent of the time in a world where the null held and your assumptions were satisfied.",[11,18,19],{},"A small p value also does not tell you which assumption failed. Greenland and colleagues list the candidates directly: the test hypothesis may be false, some other model assumption may be wrong, the result may be random error, or the analysis you reported may have been chosen after many others were tried (Greenland et al., 2016, p. 341). Crossing 0.05 on its own does not establish that the tested hypothesis is false (Greenland et al., 2016, p. 346).",[11,21,22],{},"How much a given p value should move you depends on what you tested. Ioannidis works through a genome-wide association study screening 100,000 polymorphisms for schizophrenia, of which roughly ten are truly associated. With 60 percent power and a 0.05 threshold, a result that just crosses 0.05 multiplies the probability that any one polymorphism is genuinely associated by about twelve, which still leaves it at 12 in 10,000 (Ioannidis, 2005, p. 699). The same number carries very different weight in a study with one prespecified comparison.",[11,24,25],{},"The 0.05 threshold is a convention, not a discovery. Treating 0.049 and 0.051 as categorically different results is a habit that professional statistical bodies have argued against for years, and reporting the exact value with the effect estimate avoids the problem entirely.",[11,27,28],{},"The practical consequence for your thesis is that a p value should never be the headline. The headline is the size of the effect and how precisely you estimated it, and the p value is a supporting detail.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-does-a-non-significant-result-tell-me","What does a non-significant result tell me?",[11,35,36],{},"That your data did not provide strong evidence against the null, which is not the same as evidence that the null is true. A non-significant result in a small study is usually uninformative. Report the estimate and its confidence interval, which shows what effects remain plausible.",[11,38,39],{},"The interval does the work here. A non-significant result whose interval runs from a large negative to a large positive effect tells you almost nothing. A non-significant result whose interval is narrow and close to zero is genuine evidence that any effect is small, and that is a finding worth reporting.",[11,41,42],{},"Precision, not effect size, is often what separates two results that look like they disagree. Greenland and colleagues describe two randomized trials with the same observed treatment difference of 3. Trial A has a standard error of 2 and gives p = 0.13. Trial B has a standard error of 1 and gives p = 0.003 (Greenland et al., 2016, p. 343). The two trials agree on the estimate and differ only in how precisely they measured it, so reading one as a null result and the other as a positive finding misreports both.",[11,44,45],{},"Absence of evidence phrasing matters in the write-up. \"No effect was found\" invites a reader to hear \"there is no effect\", and \"no evidence of an effect was found, with the interval consistent with effects up to X\" says what you actually established.",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"should-i-report-effect-sizes-instead","Should I report effect sizes instead?",[11,51,52],{},"Report both, and lead with the effect size and its interval. The p value answers a narrow question about compatibility with one hypothesis. The effect size answers the question a reader actually has, which is how large the difference or relationship is.",[11,54,55],{},"Report the effect in the units of your measure where you can, since a difference of four points on a familiar scale is more interpretable than a standardized coefficient. Add the standardized version too when comparing across studies is relevant.",[11,57,58],{},"Report the exact p value alongside them. Greenland and colleagues recommend writing p = 0.015, p = 0.06, or p = 0.70 rather than collapsing the number into a significant or not significant label (Greenland et al., 2016, p. 342). Kass and colleagues point at the habit behind that collapse, the belief that a finding is unworthy of publication unless p falls below 0.05, and call it a major source of criticism of statistical practice (Kass et al., 2016, p. 6).",[11,60,61],{},"Most journals in most fields now require effect sizes and intervals, and many reporting guidelines specify them. Writing the results this way from the start saves a revision round later.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":67,"text":49},"research-methods","What a p value does and does not tell you, how to interpret a non-significant result, and why effect sizes and intervals usually belong alongside it.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"What does a p value actually mean?","answer",{},true,7,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Hypothesis generation and testing","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fhypothesis-generation-and-testing",{"label":85,"to":86},"Comparative analysis as a workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fcomparative-analysis","\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","what does a p value actually mean",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"Greenland et al., Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations, European Journal of Epidemiology (2016)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10654-016-0149-3","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"Ioannidis, Why most published research findings are false, PLoS Medicine (2005)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.0020124",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Kass et al., Ten Simple Rules for Effective Statistical Practice, PLoS Computational Biology (2016)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1004961","answers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","CDl_Mn4nCdXGYr39Uf48Wzra24yU6hn8Nqcw1wPfyvM",[108,113,117,122,126,131,136,137],{"path":109,"heading":110,"description":111,"order":112},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?","The steps of thematic analysis in order, the difference between a code and a theme, and how to tell whether a theme came from the data or from your expectations.",1,{"path":114,"heading":115,"description":116,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?","How many interviews a qualitative study actually needs, how to tell when saturation has been reached, and how to justify the number to reviewers and examiners.",{"path":118,"heading":119,"description":120,"order":121},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?","The difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis, whether the two can be combined in one study, and how to report which approach you used.",3,{"path":123,"heading":124,"description":125,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?","What rigour means in qualitative work, whether inter-rater reliability is needed, and what reflexivity looks like in practice rather than as a stated intention.",{"path":127,"heading":128,"description":129,"order":130},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?","How to work out which statistical test your data needs, the questions that decide the answer, and what to do when the assumptions of your chosen test fail.",5,{"path":132,"heading":133,"description":134,"order":135},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?","How to calculate the sample size for a quantitative study, what a power analysis is actually doing, and what to do when the number you need is out of reach.",6,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?","How to genuinely integrate qualitative and quantitative strands rather than reporting them separately, the standard designs, and where integration is written up.",8,[143,146,149,152,155,158,160,163,166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307,310,313,316,319,322,325,328,331,334,337,340,343,346,349,352,355,358,361,364,367,370,373,376,379,382,385,387,390,393,396,399,402,405,408,411,414,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424],{"path":144,"heading":145},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":147,"heading":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":150,"heading":151},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":153,"heading":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":156,"heading":157},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":92,"heading":159},"How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":161,"heading":162},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":164,"heading":165},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":263,"heading":264},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":266,"heading":267},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":269,"heading":270},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":305,"heading":306},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":308,"heading":309},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":311,"heading":312},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":314,"heading":315},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":317,"heading":318},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":320,"heading":321},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":323,"heading":324},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":326,"heading":327},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":329,"heading":330},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":332,"heading":333},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":335,"heading":336},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":338,"heading":339},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":341,"heading":342},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":344,"heading":345},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":347,"heading":348},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":350,"heading":351},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":353,"heading":354},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":356,"heading":357},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":359,"heading":360},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":362,"heading":363},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":365,"heading":366},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":368,"heading":369},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":371,"heading":372},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":374,"heading":375},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":377,"heading":378},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":380,"heading":381},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":383,"heading":384},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":91,"heading":386},"What is preregistration in research?",{"path":388,"heading":389},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":391,"heading":392},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":394,"heading":395},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":397,"heading":398},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":400,"heading":401},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":403,"heading":404},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":406,"heading":407},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":409,"heading":410},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":412,"heading":413},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":415,"heading":416},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":127,"heading":128},{"path":114,"heading":115},{"path":109,"heading":110},{"path":118,"heading":119},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":123,"heading":124},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":132,"heading":133},1786014769324]