[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":428},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question":3,"answers-cluster-research-gaps":105,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question":146},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":64,"outbound":79,"path":86,"primaryQuery":87,"product":88,"related":89,"seo":91,"sources":92,"stem":103,"updated":96,"__hash__":104},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question.md","Turning a Topic Into a Research Question","Add the four things a topic lacks: a relationship, a population, a context, and an outcome. A topic names a subject. A question asks whether something holds, for whom, where, and with what effect. If your sentence has no verb doing analytical work, it is still a topic.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,37,40,43,46,49,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Topics are comfortable because they cannot be wrong. \"Teacher retention\" commits you to nothing, which is why it survives so long in proposals. The move to a question is the move to something that could turn out false, and the discomfort people feel at this stage is exactly the discomfort of committing.",[11,15,16],{},"The four additions do most of the work. Start with the relationship: what connects to what, or what varies with what, or what is the character of what. Then the population, since \"teachers\" is not a population but \"teachers in their first five years in state secondary schools\" is. Then the context, which is where and when. Then the outcome, which is the thing you will actually observe.",[11,18,19],{},"A published stepwise version of this works the same way. Ratan and colleagues start from \"hormone levels among hypospadias\", read what is already established about testosterone, and write down what remains unknown about the other reproductive hormones. Only then does the topic become a question about how hormone levels differ between children with isolated hypospadias and a normal population (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 18). The written information gap is the hinge. Without it you are guessing at what your relationship, population, context, and outcome should be.",[11,21,22],{},"That means the literature review is not background you bolt on after choosing the question. It is the instrument that tells you whether the topic contains a researchable problem at all. Pautasso is specific about the labour involved: search with several different keyword sets, use more than one database such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, and follow forward citations to see who has used the papers and book chapters you found (Pautasso, 2013, pp. 1-2). Note that this is practical advice drawn from roughly 25 reviews he completed as a doctoral student and postdoc, not a comparative study of methods, so treat it as a working procedure rather than a tested one.",[11,24,25],{},"Run the result past a colleague and watch for a specific failure. If they respond by telling you what they think about the topic, you still have a topic. If they respond by guessing what the answer might be, you have a question, because a question is a thing people can have expectations about.",[11,27,28],{},"Expect to produce six or seven versions. The first is too broad, the second overcorrects into something trivial, and the usable one usually appears around the fourth. This is normal and fast, and it is much cheaper than discovering the problem after data collection.",[11,30,31],{},"Score the surviving version against criteria instead of instinct. Ratan and colleagues use the acronym FINERMAPS: feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant, manageable, appropriate, potentially valuable and publishable, and systematic. They add that the question must be more complex than a yes-or-no answer, measurable through data that could support or contradict it, and neither too broad nor too narrow (Ratan et al., 2019, pp. 15-16). Their reading of novelty is looser than most students assume. Confirming or refuting an established finding counts, and so does examining a new aspect of a problem others have already worked on (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 17).",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"how-narrow-does-a-research-question-need-to-be","How narrow does a research question need to be?",[11,38,39],{},"Narrow enough that you can name the evidence that would answer it. If you cannot describe the dataset, sample, or corpus that settles the question, it is still too broad. That test is more reliable than word count, and it catches questions that sound specific but are not.",[11,41,42],{},"Apply it literally. Say out loud what you would need: how many participants, what documents, what measurements, over what period. If that description is vague, the vagueness is in the question rather than in your planning.",[11,44,45],{},"The same test catches the opposite problem. If the evidence you name is trivially easy to gather and the answer is obvious in advance, the question is too narrow to be worth three years.",[11,47,48],{},"Feasibility belongs in this test too, and it covers more than sample size. Ratan and colleagues list the subjects, method, data access, equipment, documents, statistics, time, and funds that all have to be available before a question counts as answerable, and they warn that a question can look feasible on paper and turn impractical once fieldwork starts. Their remedy is to report the problem honestly, talk to your supervisor or experienced colleagues, and hold a contingency plan (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 16). They also recommend one clear key question with several subcomponents rather than a flat list of equals (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 17). Pautasso pushes in the other direction and asks you to keep the narrow question tied to a wider concern, since a review that is too focused stops being interesting to anyone outside it (Pautasso, 2013, p. 3). Both constraints hold at once. Narrow enough to finish, connected clearly enough that someone else cares about the answer.",[33,50,52],{"id":51},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-question-and-a-research-aim","What is the difference between a research question and a research aim?",[11,54,55],{},"An aim states what you will do, a question states what you will find out. \"To explore the role of informal mentoring\" is an aim and cannot be answered, only performed. \"Does informal mentoring predict retention independently of formal programmes\" is a question with a possible answer of no.",[11,57,58],{},"Most theses need both, and confusion arises because supervisors and templates use the words loosely. Write the aims as a short list of activities and the questions as sentences ending in question marks, and keep them visually separate on the page. A reader should never have to work out which is which.",[11,60,61],{},"The diagnostic word is \"explore\". It is not forbidden, and a genuinely exploratory study is a real design, but it is also where unanswerable questions hide. If \"explore\" is doing the analytical work in your sentence, ask what you would conclude at the end and put that in the question instead.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":35,"depth":67,"text":36},2,{"id":51,"depth":67,"text":52},"research-gaps","How to convert a broad research topic into an answerable research question, how narrow it needs to be, and the difference between a question and a research aim.","md",[73,74],{"q":36,"a":39},{"q":52,"a":55},"How do I turn a research topic into a research question?","answer",{},true,[80,83],{"label":81,"to":82},"Hypothesis generation and testing","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fhypothesis-generation-and-testing",{"label":84,"to":85},"Gap finding as a workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fgap-finding","\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","how to turn a research topic into a research question",null,[90],"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction",{"title":5,"description":70},[93,97,100],{"label":94,"url":95,"checked":96},"Ratan et al., Formulation of Research Question - Stepwise Approach, Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4103\u002Fjiaps.JIAPS_76_18","2026-08-06",{"label":98,"url":99,"checked":96},"Lingard, Writing an effective literature review: Part I: Mapping the gap, Perspectives on Medical Education (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40037-017-0401-x",{"label":101,"url":102,"checked":96},"Pautasso, Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review, PLoS Computational Biology (2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003149","answers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","_OA1sYEeYk4bRn3l3SEvcky-6CvOFs3d3OS774r2UVQ",[106,111,115,120,121,126,131,136,141],{"path":107,"heading":108,"description":109,"order":110},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?","How to identify a research gap in the literature, the different kinds of gap that exist, and how to tell a real one from a topic nobody has bothered to publish on.",1,{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?","How to check that a research gap has not already been filled, what to do if someone publishes your idea first, and how thorough the originality check has to be.",{"path":116,"heading":117,"description":118,"order":119},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?","How to write a research gap statement that holds up, which phrasings make a gap sound weak or overclaimed, and how long the statement should actually be.",3,{"path":86,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":64},{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":125},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?","What separates a doctoral research question from a masters one, how many questions a thesis should have, and whether sub-questions should map onto chapters.",5,{"path":127,"heading":128,"description":129,"order":130},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?","The difference between a research question and a hypothesis, whether a qualitative study can have one, and when a project genuinely needs both.",6,{"path":132,"heading":133,"description":134,"order":135},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?","Whether a research question can change during a PhD, how to justify the change to a supervisor or committee, and what happens to work built on the old question.",7,{"path":137,"heading":138,"description":139,"order":140},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?","How to narrow a research question that is too broad, which parts of a question you can narrow on, and how to tell when you have gone too far the other way.",8,{"path":142,"heading":143,"description":144,"order":145},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?","How to choose a theoretical framework for a thesis, the difference between a theoretical and a conceptual framework, and whether you can use more than one.",9,[147,150,153,156,159,162,165,168,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425],{"path":148,"heading":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":151,"heading":152},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":154,"heading":155},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":157,"heading":158},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":160,"heading":161},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":163,"heading":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":90,"heading":169},"How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":171,"heading":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":174,"heading":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":177,"heading":178},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":201,"heading":202},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":204,"heading":205},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":207,"heading":208},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":210,"heading":211},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":213,"heading":214},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":216,"heading":217},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":219,"heading":220},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":222,"heading":223},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":225,"heading":226},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":231,"heading":232},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":234,"heading":235},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":237,"heading":238},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":240,"heading":241},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":270,"heading":271},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":142,"heading":143},{"path":107,"heading":108},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":137,"heading":138},{"path":132,"heading":133},{"path":127,"heading":128},{"path":86,"heading":75},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":116,"heading":117},{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014767875]