[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":443},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said":3,"answers-cluster-reading-and-notes":112,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said":168},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":72,"description":73,"extension":74,"faq":75,"heading":78,"intro":66,"kind":79,"meta":80,"navigation":81,"order":67,"outbound":82,"path":89,"primaryQuery":90,"product":91,"related":95,"seo":98,"sources":99,"stem":110,"updated":103,"__hash__":111},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said.md","How to Remember What a Paper Said Six Months Later","You will not remember, and the fix is not a better memory. Write one sentence per paper, in your own words, saying what it found and why it matters to your project, with the page. That sentence is what you retrieve later. The paper itself is only the backup.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":65},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59,62],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Forgetting is not a failure of attention. Reading a paper builds an understanding that lives in working memory and dissolves within weeks unless something durable was produced. The durable thing has to be written, and it has to be written by you, because the act of putting the finding in your own words is what makes it retrievable later.",[11,15,16],{},"This is why summarizing the abstract does not work. Copying the authors' phrasing produces text you can read but did not think, and reading it back six months later restores none of the understanding. A sentence you constructed reactivates the reasoning you did.",[11,18,19],{},"Give the writing its own pass. Carey, Steiner and Petri describe active reading as effortful reading undertaken with the intention to understand, and they set out a three-pass procedure: read once for general exposure without trying to critique everything, read a second time for comprehension, and read a third time while taking notes (Carey et al., 2020, p. 1). Notes written on the third pass are notes written by someone who already knows what the paper argues. When the paper leans on unfamiliar terminology, supplementary material, or an earlier study, they tell you to go and read those rather than treat the main text as self-sufficient (Carey et al., 2020, p. 5).",[11,21,22],{},"The other reason people forget is that they recorded the wrong unit. Notes made per paper answer \"what is this paper about\", which is a question you will never ask. At writing time you ask \"what supports this claim\", and a library of paper-shaped notes cannot answer that without rereading all of them.",[11,24,25],{},"So record claims rather than papers, and record why you cared. \"Effect disappears after three years, contradicts my chapter two argument, page 412\" is a note that works in six months. \"Interesting longitudinal study of retention\" is not.",[11,27,28],{},"Researchers who read for a living say the same thing about purpose. In Hubbard and Dunbar's survey of 88 respondents who gave reading advice, 6 told readers to start from a specific purpose or an explicit question, and 30 recommended critical reading, of whom 18 said to check whether the conclusions actually match the data and 5 said to interpret the data yourself (Hubbard and Dunbar, 2017, pp. 8-10). That gives you the fields worth recording: the paper's question, the result, what the data support as opposed to what the authors conclude, and one thing it leaves open for your project.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-should-a-literature-note-contain-so-it-is-still-useful-later","What should a literature note contain so it is still useful later?",[11,35,36],{},"The finding in your own words, the page it sits on, and a line saying what you thought of it. Three fields. Bibliographic data your reference manager already holds does not need repeating, and a summary of the whole paper is less useful than the one claim you will actually cite.",[11,38,39],{},"The judgment line is the field people leave out and miss most. Your assessment at the time of reading, when you had the whole paper in view, is information you cannot reconstruct later without rereading. Two or three words is enough: \"small sample\", \"only direct test\", \"authors overstate this\".",[11,41,42],{},"Record the page as the printed page of the journal or book, not the position in your PDF viewer. Those diverge as soon as front matter is included, and a page number that does not match the published article is worse than none.",[11,44,45],{},"Be honest about what this buys you. No study here tests whether a particular note format produces accurate recall months later. Hubbard and Dunbar surveyed 260 biological sciences students and researchers at a single UK research-intensive university, and they caution that the sample may not transfer to other settings (Hubbard and Dunbar, 2017, p. 1). What their data do show is that reading habits change with experience. Papers found independently were read more than once a week by 16% of second-year undergraduates, 41% of PhD students, and 63% of academics, and less experienced readers found the methods and results hardest and undervalued critical interpretation of results (Hubbard and Dunbar, 2017, pp. 7-8). The note fields above are worth adopting because they force the reading that experience otherwise takes years to produce, not because a trial proved they beat highlighting.",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"why-do-highlights-fail-as-a-memory-system","Why do highlights fail as a memory system?",[11,51,52],{},"Because highlighting records that a passage seemed important, not why. Six months later you get a yellow sentence with no context and have to reconstruct your own reasoning from scratch. Highlights also cannot be searched across a library or grouped by argument, which is what you need at writing time.",[11,54,55],{},"There is a second problem. Highlighting feels productive while requiring almost no thought, so it substitutes for the harder work of stating what the passage shows. A paper covered in yellow often signals a paper that was not really processed.",[11,57,58],{},"Highlights do have a real use, as a marker for a second pass. Highlight while reading, then spend five minutes afterwards turning the highlights into two or three written claims, and delete nothing. The highlights get you back to the passage, the claims are what you retrieve.",[11,60,61],{},"When you do go back, go back selectively. Sixty of Hubbard and Dunbar's 88 respondents recommended selective reading and 28 recommended reading sections in a set order, but there was no agreement on which order. Sixteen started from the abstract and 6 from the figures, some proposed abstract, then figures, then text, others proposed abstract, introduction, discussion, then figures, and 3 said to skip the methods entirely (Hubbard and Dunbar, 2017, p. 8). So do not adopt one fixed sequence. Reopen the sections that carry the claim you need, which is usually the figures, results, and the methods detail your own question depends on.",[11,63,64],{},"The other route back into a paper is your own work. Carey, Steiner and Petri suggest connecting an article to other papers and to your project, implementing one of its techniques, or testing or extending its hypothesis through a wider literature review, and they note this often sends you back to the article later with new criticisms (Carey et al., 2020, p. 6). Retrieval you do while comparing two studies or justifying a method choice holds better than retrieval you schedule for its own sake.",{"title":66,"searchDepth":67,"depth":67,"links":68},"",4,[69,71],{"id":32,"depth":70,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":70,"text":49},"reading-and-notes","Why you forget papers you definitely read, what a literature note has to contain to still be useful later, and why highlighting fails as a memory system.","md",[76,77],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?","answer",{},true,[83,86],{"label":84,"to":85},"Building a qualitative evidence matrix","\u002Fblog\u002Fqualitative-evidence-matrix",{"label":87,"to":88},"Labeled items and evidence collections","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Flabeled-items","\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","how do you remember what was in papers you read months ago",{"text":92,"to":93,"label":94},"In Agent Bayes a claim keeps its evidence attached. Every statement the agent writes into your map carries the paper, the page, and the passage behind it, so returning after months means opening the claim rather than rereading the paper. The passage is one click away when you need it.","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims","How claims keep their evidence",[96,97],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix",{"title":5,"description":73},[100,104,107],{"label":101,"url":102,"checked":103},"Carey et al., Ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper, PLoS Computational Biology (2020)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1008032","2026-08-06",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":103},"Hubbard and Dunbar, Perceptions of scientific research literature and strategies for reading papers depend on academic career stage, PLoS One (2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0189753",{"label":108,"url":109,"checked":103},"Schnell, Ten Simple Rules for a Computational Biologist's Laboratory Notebook, PLoS Computational Biology (2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1004385","answers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","zZmWN2brjhAX9T8ToehZW-__0xclUv0SLvyi3gBZZo0",[113,118,122,127,128,133,138,143,148,153,158,163],{"path":114,"heading":115,"description":116,"order":117},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?","Why folder systems collapse past a hundred papers, what to record about each one so the note is still useful later, and how to keep the system small.",1,{"path":119,"heading":120,"description":121,"order":70},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?","How to triage a large pile of PDFs before deciding what to read in full, what the three-pass reading method is, and how to record a decision not to read something.",{"path":123,"heading":124,"description":125,"order":126},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?","A realistic figure for how many papers a PhD student can read in a day, how thoroughly you are actually supposed to read, and whether not finishing papers is normal.",3,{"path":89,"heading":78,"description":73,"order":67},{"path":129,"heading":130,"description":131,"order":132},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?","How to find a paper when you only remember the argument it made, which search moves work when keywords fail, and how to stop it happening again.",5,{"path":134,"heading":135,"description":136,"order":137},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?","What to do when a note system costs more than it returns, what the minimum useful literature note is, and how to simplify a system that has grown out of control.",6,{"path":139,"heading":140,"description":141,"order":142},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?","Why you can never find your PDF highlights again, what to do while reading instead, and how to make annotations searchable across a whole library of papers.",7,{"path":144,"heading":145,"description":146,"order":147},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?","How to keep track of how papers relate to each other, whether an atomic note system is necessary, and how to see which papers speak to the same claim.",8,{"path":149,"heading":150,"description":151,"order":152},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?","How to read academic papers efficiently in a second language, whether to translate as you read, and the fastest way to build the vocabulary of your own field.",9,{"path":154,"heading":155,"description":156,"order":157},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?","How to include non-English studies in a literature review, whether machine translation is good enough for screening, and how to report a language restriction.",10,{"path":159,"heading":160,"description":161,"order":162},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?","How to keep up with new publications without reading everything, how to set alerts that are signal rather than noise, and how to track work citing your key studies.",11,{"path":164,"heading":165,"description":166,"order":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?","How to get back into a research project after a long break, whether you have to reread everything, and what to write down before a planned interruption.",12,[169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,261,264,267,270,273,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440],{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":96,"heading":260},"Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":97,"heading":274},"How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":129,"heading":130},{"path":139,"heading":140},{"path":123,"heading":124},{"path":159,"heading":160},{"path":154,"heading":155},{"path":134,"heading":135},{"path":114,"heading":115},{"path":149,"heading":150},{"path":89,"heading":78},{"path":164,"heading":165},{"path":144,"heading":145},{"path":119,"heading":120},{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768030]