[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":434},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access":3,"answers-cluster-publishing":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access":155},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":72,"description":73,"extension":74,"faq":75,"heading":78,"intro":66,"kind":79,"meta":80,"navigation":81,"order":82,"outbound":83,"path":90,"primaryQuery":91,"product":92,"related":93,"seo":96,"sources":97,"stem":108,"updated":101,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access.md","Do You Have to Pay to Publish Open Access?","No. Article processing charges are one route among several. You can publish in a subscription journal and deposit the accepted manuscript in a repository, which costs nothing, or publish in a journal that charges no fees at all. Paying is common, not required.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":65},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,31,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59,62],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The impression that open access means paying comes from the visibility of the gold route, where charges are advertised and can run into thousands. That is one business model, and it is not the only way to make work openly available.",[11,15,16],{},"The advertised charges do vary that widely. Article processing charges run from hundreds to thousands of dollars, and some legitimate journals ask US$5,000 or more, while the Directory of Open Access Journals lists thousands of titles that charge authors nothing (Leonard et al., 2021, p. 2).",[11,18,19],{},"The green route is the underused one. You publish in a subscription journal at no cost, then deposit the accepted manuscript, the version after peer review and before the publisher's typesetting, in your institutional repository or a subject repository. Most publishers permit this, sometimes after an embargo period, and it satisfies the open access requirements of most funders.",[11,21,22],{},"The two things to get right on the green route are the version and the timing. Publishers usually permit the accepted manuscript rather than the final published PDF, and they often specify an embargo. Your library will know both for a given journal and will usually do the deposit for you.",[11,24,25],{},"Diamond journals, funded by institutions or scholarly societies rather than by authors, exist in most fields and are often unknown to early-career researchers. They are worth asking a librarian about, because they publish good work and cost nothing.",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"what-are-the-green-gold-and-diamond-routes","What are the green, gold, and diamond routes?",[11,32,33],{},"Green means depositing your accepted manuscript in a repository, free to you, sometimes after an embargo. Gold means the published version is open on the journal's site, usually funded by a fee. Diamond means the journal is open access and charges neither authors nor readers.",[11,35,36],{},"Hybrid journals are a fourth category and the one to watch. They are subscription journals offering an open access option for a fee, and some funders will not pay charges to them, on the grounds that the publisher is paid twice.",[11,38,39],{},"Hybrid charges are also the higher ones. Across 1,117 medical journals in 29 specialties, the median charge was $4,248 at hybrid journals against $2,909 at fully open access journals, a difference significant at p\u003C0.001, and the spread between fields was large, from a mean of $4,621 in hematology to $2,565 in primary care (Tocco et al., 2025, pp. 3-4). Note that this count excluded journals reporting $0 charges and diamond journals, so it describes the paid end of the market rather than the whole of it (Tocco et al., 2025, pp. 7-8).",[11,41,42],{},"Do not read the price as a quality signal. In that same set, impact factor and the share of open access articles together explained only 14.1% of the variation in charges among Q1 journals, with charges correlating weakly with impact factor and citation counts at r=0.38 and weakly negatively with the share of open access output at r=-0.28, which points to publisher size and market demand rather than better peer review (Tocco et al., 2025, p. 1). Leonard et al. make the matching point from the other direction, that a high fee on its own is not evidence a journal is predatory, and that the real warning sign is a journal that will not disclose its fees before submission (Leonard et al., 2021, p. 1).",[11,44,45],{},"Check your funder's policy before choosing, since several now specify permitted routes, licences, and embargo limits, and a paper published the wrong way can be non-compliant.",[27,47,49],{"id":48},"what-are-my-options-with-no-funding","What are my options with no funding?",[11,51,52],{},"Four. Check whether your institution has an agreement covering the fee, which many do. Apply for the journal's waiver, which most legitimate publishers offer. Choose a diamond journal. Or publish in a subscription journal and deposit the manuscript, which satisfies most funder mandates.",[11,54,55],{},"Waivers are more available than most people assume and are routinely granted to researchers without funding, including doctoral students. Ask at submission rather than after acceptance, and expect a short form rather than an interrogation.",[11,57,58],{},"Waivers go routinely to authors in low- and middle-income countries and to authors who can show financial need, and most large funding agencies let you budget dissemination costs, including publication fees, into a grant application (Leonard et al., 2021, p. 2). The catch is documentation. Waiver terms are often vague on the journal website or only surface after acceptance, so confirm your eligibility before you submit, alongside the other routes that lower the bill, institutional publisher agreements, society partnerships, and dedicated grant funds (Tocco et al., 2025, p. 7).",[11,60,61],{},"Institutional agreements are the easiest win and the least advertised. Libraries negotiate deals that cover charges at large publishers, and many researchers pay fees their institution would have covered because nobody told them.",[11,63,64],{},"Ask the library before you submit rather than after acceptance. Some agreements only apply if the corresponding author is affiliated at submission, and that condition cannot be fixed retrospectively.",{"title":66,"searchDepth":67,"depth":67,"links":68},"",4,[69,71],{"id":29,"depth":70,"text":30},2,{"id":48,"depth":70,"text":49},"publishing","Whether open access publishing always costs money, what the green, gold, and diamond routes mean in practice, and what your options are with no funding.","md",[76,77],{"q":30,"a":33},{"q":49,"a":52},"Do I have to pay to publish open access?","answer",{},true,9,[84,87],{"label":85,"to":86},"Outlining a paper from a map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Foutlining-a-paper",{"label":88,"to":89},"Knowledge bases and what goes in them","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fknowledge-bases","\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","do i have to pay to publish open access",null,[94,95],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice",{"title":5,"description":73},[98,102,105],{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":101},"Tocco et al., Variability in article processing charges of open-access publishing across medical specialties, PLoS One (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0320684","2026-08-06",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":101},"Leonard et al., Ten simple rules for avoiding predatory publishing scams, PLoS Computational Biology (2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1009377",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":101},"Bourne et al., Ten simple rules to consider regarding preprint submission, PLoS Computational Biology (2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1005473","answers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","lG9Uui1IKjCoQPPy9V4ChAYqKyGe7IHtAyxWFXZfjMI",[111,116,120,125,129,134,139,144,149,150],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?","How to choose a journal that will actually consider your paper, whether impact factor matters at your career stage, and how to read a scope statement properly.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":70},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?","The checks that reliably identify a predatory journal, which warning signs no longer work on their own, and what to do if you have already submitted to one.",{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":124},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?","How to write a response to reviewers that gets a paper accepted, what to do when a reviewer is wrong, and how to structure the response letter itself.",3,{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?","The real reasons editors reject papers without review, whether it is worth asking for reconsideration, and how to choose where to send the paper next.",{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?","What actually happens to a manuscript after submission, how long peer review typically takes and why, and what the standard decision terms mean in practice.",5,{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?","What a journal submission cover letter should contain, what the editor is actually reading it for, and whether to suggest or exclude specific reviewers.",6,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?","Whether to post your paper as a preprint before submission, whether journals will still accept it afterwards, and whether preprints count as publications.",7,{"path":145,"heading":146,"description":147,"order":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?","How to cite a preprint correctly, when citing unreviewed work is appropriate in a thesis or paper, and what to do when the preprint is later published.",8,{"path":90,"heading":78,"description":73,"order":82},{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?","How authorship order is determined in different fields, what counts as enough contribution to be an author, and what to do when there is a dispute.",10,[156,159,162,165,168,171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,207,210,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,234,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,336,339,342,345,348,351,354,357,360,363,366,369,372,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431],{"path":157,"heading":158},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":160,"heading":161},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":163,"heading":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":169,"heading":170},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":205,"heading":206},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":208,"heading":209},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":211,"heading":212},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":229,"heading":230},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":232,"heading":233},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":94,"heading":235},"Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":237,"heading":238},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":240,"heading":241},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":270,"heading":271},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":90,"heading":78},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":145,"heading":146},{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":334,"heading":335},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":337,"heading":338},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":340,"heading":341},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":343,"heading":344},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":346,"heading":347},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":349,"heading":350},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":352,"heading":353},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":355,"heading":356},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":358,"heading":359},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":361,"heading":362},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":364,"heading":365},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":367,"heading":368},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":370,"heading":371},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":95,"heading":373},"What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014769492]