[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":437},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy":3,"answers-cluster-literature-review":106,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy":161},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":104,"updated":97,"__hash__":105},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy.md","Building a Search Strategy You Can Defend","Break your question into concepts, list every term each concept is described by including author variants and controlled vocabulary, combine terms within a concept with OR, then combine concepts with AND. Test the result against papers you already know should appear, and widen it until they all do.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The known-item test is the part most people skip and the part that catches the most errors. Before you trust a strategy, assemble five to ten papers you are certain belong in the review, from your own reading or from a supervisor. Run your search. If any of the ten are missing, the strategy has a hole, and finding out now costs an afternoon instead of finding out at screening and costing a month.",[11,15,16],{},"When a known paper is missing, look at how it describes itself. Usually it uses a term you did not list, because fields rename things and authors are inconsistent. Add the term, rerun, and check the others are still there. Two or three rounds of this is normal.",[11,18,19],{},"There is a second test that pairs with the known-item check. Broaden the strategy, then run the wider version against the original as a set difference, \"Strategy 2 NOT Strategy 1\", and screen only the unique records to see whether the added terms recover anything relevant (Bramer et al., 2018, p. 536). After screening, check the reverse direction. If a paper you found by reference-list checking was in the database all along, read its title, abstract, and indexing terms to work out which word your strategy missed (Bramer et al., 2018, p. 538).",[11,21,22],{},"The second common error is over-specification. A strategy that combines four concepts with AND returns almost nothing, and the temptation is to conclude the literature is thin. Drop the weakest concept. In most questions, two well-built concept blocks find more of the relevant work than four narrow ones, and the extra irrelevant hits are cheaper to screen out than missing papers are to recover.",[11,24,25],{},"Controlled vocabulary is worth the effort where it exists. Subject headings catch papers whose titles and abstracts never use your keyword, and combining headings with free-text terms is standard practice rather than belt and braces.",[11,27,28],{},"Bramer et al. report that conventional systematic review search development can take 100 hours or more, and that the whole task is a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity (Bramer et al., 2018, p. 531). Their method builds the strategy in order, starting with the most important and specific concept and adding broader ones until the review team agrees the screening volume is manageable, and it compares the records retrieved by thesaurus terms against those retrieved by free-text synonyms to identify candidate terms you have not listed yet (Bramer et al., 2018, p. 533). They also treat the strategy as something two other people check, an information specialist working through the PRESS checklist for Boolean operators, field codes, and syntax, and a researcher who knows the topic checking the terms themselves (Bramer et al., 2018, p. 537).",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"how-do-i-decide-which-databases-to-search","How do I decide which databases to search?",[11,35,36],{},"Pick two or three subject databases that cover your field, add one multidisciplinary index, and add a grey literature source if unpublished work matters to your question. Ask a subject librarian, because database coverage varies by discipline in ways that are not obvious from the outside.",[11,38,39],{},"Google Scholar is useful for finding known items and for citation chaining, and weak as a primary systematic search, since its result set is not stable, not fully exportable, and not reproducible from the same query.",[11,41,42],{},"Haddaway et al. compared Google Scholar title searches against Web of Science topic searches across seven reviews, and the gap runs in both directions. A peatland greenhouse gas review returned 1,120 records in Google Scholar against 4,151 in Web of Science, while an oil palm biodiversity review returned 968 against 290 (Haddaway et al., 2015, p. 5). In their grey literature case study, Google Scholar found 61 of 84 known articles and missed 23, and a normal systematic review string did not retrieve even those 61 (Haddaway et al., 2015, p. 14). That is the case for running it alongside subject databases rather than in place of them. The same study found the most grey literature around page 35 of the title results, which counts against the habit of screening only the first 50 to 100 hits (Haddaway et al., 2015, p. 12). Their evidence is one case study and the ranking algorithm is undisclosed, so treat page 35 as a reason to state and justify your stopping point, not as a fixed depth to copy.",[11,44,45],{},"Whatever you choose, name the choice and justify it in one sentence. A reviewer's objection is almost never \"you searched too few databases\", it is \"you did not say why these ones\".",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"how-do-i-document-a-search-so-someone-else-can-reproduce-it","How do I document a search so someone else can reproduce it?",[11,51,52],{},"Record, per database, the exact string as entered, any limits or filters applied, the interface used, the date run, and the number of results. Save the strings in a file rather than reconstructing them later. Search syntax differs between platforms, so a string is only reproducible with its platform.",[11,54,55],{},"Reconstruction after the fact is where reproducibility quietly dies. Six months on, nobody remembers whether the truncation was two characters or three, or whether the date limit was applied at search or at export, and the strategy in the appendix stops matching the one that produced the results.",[11,57,58],{},"PRISMA 2020 sets the minimum you have to report. It asks for the full search strategy for every database, register, and website, including any filters and limits used, and for the name of each information source with the date it was last searched (Page et al., 2021, p. 7). Its flow diagram asks separately for records identified through websites, organisations, and citation searching, for reports you sought but could not retrieve, and for the reasons reports were excluded (Page et al., 2021, p. 10). Write the log against that list while you are searching, because every one of those fields is easier to record than to reconstruct.",[11,60,61],{},"Two moves complete the record. Note the citation-chaining you did by hand, forwards and backwards, since that is part of how the set was assembled. And keep the raw export files, so the numbers in your flow diagram can be checked against something rather than trusted.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":67,"text":49},"literature-review","How to build a systematic review search strategy, how to decide which databases to search, and how to document a search so another researcher could repeat it.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?","answer",{},true,10,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Corpus filters and reproducible retrieval","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Frag-and-retrieval",{"label":85,"to":86},"Document tags for targeted retrieval","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Flabeled-items","\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","how to build a search strategy for a systematic review",null,[91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening",{"title":5,"description":70},[94,98,101],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"Page et al., The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews, BMJ (2021)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmj.n71","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Bramer et al., A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches, Journal of the Medical Library Association (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5195\u002Fjmla.2018.283",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"Haddaway et al., The Role of Google Scholar in Evidence Reviews and Its Applicability to Grey Literature Searching, PLoS One (2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0138237","answers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","r6AjhUjE-btaoHsBww7d07cZn6NGceRJEsA9VKUpcCU",[107,112,116,121,125,130,135,140,145,150,151,156],{"path":108,"heading":109,"description":110,"order":111},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?","How to tell a summarizing literature review from a synthesizing one, what a synthesis paragraph actually looks like, and how to rebuild a chapter that lists authors.",1,{"path":113,"heading":114,"description":115,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?","What to write when the evidence contradicts itself, whether the disagreement belongs in the review or the discussion, and how to analyze it without picking a winner.",{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":120},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?","How to structure a review chapter around claims instead of sources, how to find the themes when every paper looks different, and whether to order it thematically.",3,{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?","How to know your literature search is finished, how many papers a review actually needs, and what stopping rule you can defend in a methods section.",{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?","How to build a literature synthesis matrix when your themes keep changing, which way round the rows and columns go, and how much to write in each cell.",5,{"path":131,"heading":132,"description":133,"order":134},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?","How to get from a completed synthesis matrix to written literature review paragraphs, the shape of a good synthesis paragraph, and how many sources belong in one.",6,{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?","What supervisors mean when they call a literature review too descriptive, how to add critique without inserting opinion, and which sentences signal analysis.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?","How to stop a review chapter going stale across a long PhD, how often to rerun searches, and how to update the chapter before submission without rewriting it.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?","The real difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review, when a scoping review fits better, and whether a thesis chapter needs PRISMA.",9,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":152,"heading":153,"description":154,"order":155},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?","How to screen hundreds of abstracts for a review, what makes an inclusion criterion usable, and what to do when two screeners disagree about a paper.",11,{"path":157,"heading":158,"description":159,"order":160},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?","How to write a literature review that arrives at your research question, how to show a gap without dismissing other people's work, and where the gap statement goes.",12,[162,165,168,171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434],{"path":163,"heading":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":169,"heading":170},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":91,"heading":193},"Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":201,"heading":202},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":204,"heading":205},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":207,"heading":208},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":210,"heading":211},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":213,"heading":214},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":216,"heading":217},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":219,"heading":220},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":222,"heading":223},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":225,"heading":226},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":231,"heading":232},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":234,"heading":235},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":237,"heading":238},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":240,"heading":241},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":108,"heading":109},{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":157,"heading":158},{"path":152,"heading":153},{"path":113,"heading":114},{"path":131,"heading":132},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014767677]