[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":440},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs":3,"answers-cluster-literature-review":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs":165},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":93,"seo":96,"sources":97,"stem":108,"updated":101,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs.md","Turning a Synthesis Matrix Into Actual Paragraphs","Filter the matrix to one theme, read only those rows, and write the sentence they collectively support. That sentence is your topic sentence. The rows then become the evidence in the paragraph, in an order you choose. Write the claim first and fit the citations to it, never the reverse.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,49,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The gap between a finished matrix and a written chapter feels larger than it is, and the reason is usually that people try to write from the whole matrix at once. Do not. Filter it down to a single theme, hide everything else, and work only from what is in front of you. Twelve rows is a paragraph. The whole grid is paralysis.",[11,15,16],{},"With one theme visible, read the rows and ask what they add up to. Sometimes they agree and the sentence is straightforward. Sometimes they split, and the sentence names the split, which is a better paragraph. Sometimes they turn out not to belong together, which means the theme was a topic rather than a question and needs splitting before you write anything.",[11,18,19],{},"Thomas and Harden describe that move in three stages, free line-by-line coding, grouping codes into descriptive themes, then developing analytical themes that go past what any single study says (Thomas and Harden, 2008, p. 4). A completed matrix is already at the second stage. In their own review, the themes came out as school-based learning, hands-on experience, treating fruit and vegetables differently, and avoiding health-warning messages, and the interventions that matched those preferences were the more effective ones (Thomas and Harden, 2008, p. 1). That is what a theme looks like when it is ready to write from, a named pattern with a consequence attached, not a set of studies filed under the same topic.",[11,21,22],{},"Write the topic sentence before you look at the citations again. It should be a claim you would defend in conversation, not a description of the literature. \"Mentoring effects are strongest in the first three years\" is a claim. \"Several studies have examined mentoring effects\" is a table of contents entry.",[11,24,25],{},"Then place the evidence. The rows give you the sources, the pages, and your own strength judgments, so the paragraph writes itself in the order strong, supporting, qualifying. When the paragraph is done, the matrix rows you used can be marked, which is how you avoid citing the same three studies in four different sections.",[11,27,28],{},"Expect the first version of the section to be wrong in structure, and budget for that. Pautasso is direct about it, a rough draft needs rewriting, restructuring, and rethinking before it holds a coherent argument, and recommends reference-management software plus careful marking of quotations so attributions survive the reshuffling (Pautasso, 2013, p. 2). The revision test is mechanical. Underline the controlling claim in each paragraph, circle the evidence, mark the sentence that says why the comparison matters. A paragraph with only circles has reproduced the matrix instead of converting it.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-is-the-shape-of-a-good-synthesis-paragraph","What is the shape of a good synthesis paragraph?",[11,35,36],{},"Claim, evidence, qualification, consequence. State what the literature supports, cite the studies that support it, name the limit or the dissenting finding, then say what follows for your argument. Four moves, usually four to six sentences, and the last one is the one most drafts leave out.",[11,38,39],{},"The consequence sentence is what makes a review argue rather than report. Without it the reader gets a well-cited paragraph and no reason to have read it. With it, each paragraph pushes the chapter a step closer to your research question.",[11,41,42],{},"The verb you attach to each source carries the comparison. Lingard sorts reporting verbs by the relation they signal, acknowledges, confirms, and supports for agreement, refutes, questions, and challenges for conflict, and extends, refines, and builds on for a study that develops an earlier one (Lingard, 2018, Part II, p. 134). Lingard also warns against inflating what an author did, since a tentative reflection should be reported with suggests or explored, not with the stronger argues (Lingard, 2018, Part II, p. 135). Three sentences beginning Smith found, Jones found, Lee found are not a synthesis paragraph, they are the matrix read aloud.",[11,44,45],{},"The qualification is the second most-skipped move, and skipping it is what makes a chapter read as uncritical. A paragraph that admits its own limits is more persuasive than one that does not, because the reader stops looking for what you left out.",[11,47,48],{},"Weight that qualification by study quality, not by how many papers sit on each side. When Thomas and Harden checked which papers drove their synthesis, the poorer-quality studies contributed comparatively little and produced few themes the stronger studies did not already carry (Thomas and Harden, 2008, p. 8). Pautasso comes at the same task from the other direction, asking a review to name the major achievements, the areas of debate, the methodological problems, and the questions still open (Pautasso, 2013, p. 3). One caution on the consequence sentence. If your reading comes from putting the descriptive themes through a framework the original studies never used, Thomas and Harden treat that as a separate analytical step (Thomas and Harden, 2008, p. 9), so attribute it to yourself rather than to any study in the row.",[30,50,52],{"id":51},"how-many-sources-belong-in-one-paragraph","How many sources belong in one paragraph?",[11,54,55],{},"Two to five for a synthesis paragraph. One source means you are summarizing a paper, not synthesizing a field. More than about six and the citations stop being read, so group them: cite three representative works and say the pattern holds across the rest.",[11,57,58],{},"There is one honest exception. When a single study is genuinely foundational, or when it is the only work that has done the thing, a paragraph built on it is correct. Say so explicitly, since \"the only study to test this directly\" is useful information and often a gap statement in disguise.",[11,60,61],{},"Watch for the opposite failure too. A paragraph carrying nine citations for an uncontroversial claim is padding, and it reads as though you are proving you did the reading rather than making an argument.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":51,"depth":67,"text":52},"literature-review","How to get from a completed synthesis matrix to written literature review paragraphs, the shape of a good synthesis paragraph, and how many sources belong in one.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":52,"a":55},"How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?","answer",{},true,6,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Outlining a paper from a map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Foutlining-a-paper",{"label":85,"to":86},"Building a qualitative evidence matrix","\u002Fblog\u002Fqualitative-evidence-matrix","\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","how to turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs",{"text":90,"to":91,"label":92},"Agent Bayes can take a set of claims you have selected on the map and generate a cited prose discussion from them, in academic register, moving through each position and marking where the evidence diverges. Every sentence keeps the citations attached, so you edit prose rather than reassembling references.","\u002Ffeatures","See cited prose built from mapped claims",[94,95],"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations",{"title":5,"description":70},[98,102,105],{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":101},"Thomas and Harden, Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews, BMC Medical Research Methodology (2008)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002F1471-2288-8-45","2026-08-06",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":101},"Lingard, Writing an effective literature review: Part II: Citation technique, Perspectives on Medical Education (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40037-018-0407-z",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":101},"Pautasso, Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review, PLoS Computational Biology (2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003149","answers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","d3ml9VykvHwk_ScEsC9omzkEVjJZZUAFARm1PT6gGdo",[111,116,120,125,129,134,135,140,145,150,155,160],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?","How to tell a summarizing literature review from a synthesizing one, what a synthesis paragraph actually looks like, and how to rebuild a chapter that lists authors.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?","What to write when the evidence contradicts itself, whether the disagreement belongs in the review or the discussion, and how to analyze it without picking a winner.",{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":124},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?","How to structure a review chapter around claims instead of sources, how to find the themes when every paper looks different, and whether to order it thematically.",3,{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?","How to know your literature search is finished, how many papers a review actually needs, and what stopping rule you can defend in a methods section.",{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?","How to build a literature synthesis matrix when your themes keep changing, which way round the rows and columns go, and how much to write in each cell.",5,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?","What supervisors mean when they call a literature review too descriptive, how to add critique without inserting opinion, and which sentences signal analysis.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?","How to stop a review chapter going stale across a long PhD, how often to rerun searches, and how to update the chapter before submission without rewriting it.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?","The real difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review, when a scoping review fits better, and whether a thesis chapter needs PRISMA.",9,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?","How to build a systematic review search strategy, how to decide which databases to search, and how to document a search so another researcher could repeat it.",10,{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?","How to screen hundreds of abstracts for a review, what makes an inclusion criterion usable, and what to do when two screeners disagree about a paper.",11,{"path":161,"heading":162,"description":163,"order":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?","How to write a literature review that arrives at your research question, how to show a gap without dismissing other people's work, and where the gap statement goes.",12,[166,168,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437],{"path":95,"heading":167},"How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":94,"heading":169},"How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":171,"heading":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":174,"heading":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":177,"heading":178},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":201,"heading":202},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":204,"heading":205},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":207,"heading":208},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":210,"heading":211},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":213,"heading":214},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":216,"heading":217},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":219,"heading":220},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":222,"heading":223},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":225,"heading":226},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":231,"heading":232},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":234,"heading":235},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":237,"heading":238},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":240,"heading":241},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":161,"heading":162},{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014767479]