[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":440},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question":3,"answers-cluster-literature-review":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question":165},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":72,"description":73,"extension":74,"faq":75,"heading":78,"intro":66,"kind":79,"meta":80,"navigation":81,"order":82,"outbound":83,"path":90,"primaryQuery":91,"product":92,"related":93,"seo":96,"sources":97,"stem":108,"updated":101,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question.md","Make Your Review Lead to Your Research Question","Work backwards. Write your research question first, list every claim a reader must accept before that question looks necessary, and check that your chapter establishes each one in order. Sections that support no such claim are interesting reading you do not need in this chapter.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":65},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59,62],[11,12,13],"p",{},"A review chapter has one structural obligation: by the end, the reader should feel that your research question is the obvious next thing to ask. Everything else, coverage, depth, critique, is in service of that. Chapters that fail usually fail because they were built forwards from what the author read rather than backwards from where they needed to arrive.",[11,15,16],{},"The backwards method is simple to run. Write the research question on a page. Underneath it, write the claims that make it a real question. Something like: this phenomenon matters, it has been studied mostly in one context, the dominant measure has a known limitation, no study has combined the two things you are combining. Four or five claims is typical.",[11,18,19],{},"Now check each claim against your chapter. Is it established? With evidence, or by assertion? In an order where each one is available when it is needed? This exercise reliably finds two things: a claim the whole argument rests on that you never actually supported, and two sections that support nothing.",[11,21,22],{},"Cutting those sections is hard, because they represent months of reading. Move them to an appendix, a future paper, or a file called \"not this chapter\". The chapter is not a record of your effort, it is an argument.",[11,24,25],{},"Lingard gives this argument a shape called the Problem-Gap-Hook: the review establishes a knowledge deficit and then explains why that deficit makes your study necessary (Lingard, 2018, Part I, p. 47). The test you can apply section by section is whether the text moves from a claim about what research has established to a limitation, an inconsistency, a missing population, a neglected mechanism, or an unresolved implication. Reporting only what is known produces what Lingard calls a laundry list of facts, so select the literature you need to position your contribution and leave the rest out (Lingard, 2018, Part I, pp. 47-48).",[11,27,28],{},"Inside each section, organize around the argument rather than around a sequence of authors. Pautasso, drawing on the roughly 25 reviews written during a PhD and postdoctoral career, treats a review as critical synthesis that names the field's major achievements, its main debates, its methodological problems, and its outstanding research questions (Pautasso, 2013, pp. 1, 3). The paragraph pattern that follows from this is: state what a group of studies shows, compare their approaches or results, name the limitation that survives the comparison, and say why that limitation matters for your project.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"how-do-i-show-a-gap-without-dismissing-everyone-elses-work","How do I show a gap without dismissing everyone else's work?",[11,35,36],{},"Frame the gap as a consequence of what the field has done rather than a failure. Existing studies answered the question they set, and their success is what makes the next question askable. \"This has been established in one setting, and whether it holds elsewhere is untested\" credits the work and opens the space.",[11,38,39],{},"There is a practical reason beyond courtesy. The people whose work you characterize as neglectful may be your examiners, your reviewers, or your future colleagues, and the field is smaller than it looks. There is also an intellectual reason: a gap described as an oversight is easy to close in one sentence, while a gap described as the next step in an ongoing conversation is a research programme.",[11,41,42],{},"Avoid \"surprisingly, no one has examined\" unless you have checked very carefully. It is the sentence most likely to be answered by an examiner naming three studies.",[11,44,45],{},"The argument you need also depends on how crowded your field is. Lingard notes that in a heavily studied area, such as professionalism in medical education, you have to make an explicit case that a meaningful gap remains and select carefully among the knowledge claims available (Lingard, 2018, Part I, p. 48). Pautasso describes the opposite situation, where too little primary research exists to answer the question, and gives climate change impacts on plant diseases as a field with more literature reviews than research papers (Pautasso, 2013, p. 2). These two situations call for different sentences, and neither of them is \"more research is needed\".",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"where-does-the-gap-statement-belong-in-the-chapter","Where does the gap statement belong in the chapter?",[11,51,52],{},"At the end, as the conclusion the chapter has been building towards, and briefly signposted at the start so the reader knows where they are going. Stating it fully in the opening paragraph removes the reason to read the rest.",[11,54,55],{},"The signpost at the start can be a single sentence saying what the chapter will show, in general terms. The full statement at the end names the gap precisely, says why it matters, and turns into your research question in the following paragraph.",[11,57,58],{},"Keep the final version short. Three or four sentences that a reader could repeat back accurately are worth more than a page of accumulated qualifications, and this is the passage your examiner is most likely to quote when they open the viva.",[11,60,61],{},"Then turn the gap into the question. Ratan, Anand and Ratan set out the steps as identifying the subject, doing preliminary reading, defining what remains unknown, narrowing focus and scope, framing the question, and evaluating it against the FINERMAPS criteria, meaning feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant, manageable, appropriate, of potential value, publishable, and systematic (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 15). They add that a good question comes from a thorough search plus deep insight into the specific problem, stated in a focused and simple form (Ratan et al., 2019, p. 19). So name the unresolved issue, name the population, case, relationship, or comparison you will examine, and pose one question that addresses it.",[11,63,64],{},"Finally, check the logic in both directions. Lingard argues that the kind of gap you characterize should be coherent with the methodology you choose to fill it, so the question answers the gap and the method can answer the question (Lingard, 2018, Part I, p. 49). Pautasso adds the housekeeping that keeps this honest: define exclusion criteria early, record your search terms so the search can be repeated, use a paper management system, and read previous reviews as well as primary studies (Pautasso, 2013, p. 1). That record is what separates a genuine unanswered question from a question your incomplete search produced.",{"title":66,"searchDepth":67,"depth":67,"links":68},"",4,[69,71],{"id":32,"depth":70,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":70,"text":49},"literature-review","How to write a literature review that arrives at your research question, how to show a gap without dismissing other people's work, and where the gap statement goes.","md",[76,77],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?","answer",{},true,12,[84,87],{"label":85,"to":86},"Gap finding as a workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fgap-finding",{"label":88,"to":89},"The literature review workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fliterature-review","\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","how to write a literature review that leads to my research question",null,[94,95],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction",{"title":5,"description":73},[98,102,105],{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":101},"Lingard, Writing an effective literature review: Part I: Mapping the gap, Perspectives on Medical Education (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40037-017-0401-x","2026-08-06",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":101},"Pautasso, Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review, PLoS Computational Biology (2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003149",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":101},"Ratan et al., Formulation of Research Question - Stepwise Approach, Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4103\u002Fjiaps.JIAPS_76_18","answers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","8B2ERaMIxLikcWB-U_B2z9SfTfBHLKu0fUnJMoQkIL8",[111,116,120,125,129,134,139,144,149,154,159,164],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?","How to tell a summarizing literature review from a synthesizing one, what a synthesis paragraph actually looks like, and how to rebuild a chapter that lists authors.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":70},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?","What to write when the evidence contradicts itself, whether the disagreement belongs in the review or the discussion, and how to analyze it without picking a winner.",{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":124},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?","How to structure a review chapter around claims instead of sources, how to find the themes when every paper looks different, and whether to order it thematically.",3,{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?","How to know your literature search is finished, how many papers a review actually needs, and what stopping rule you can defend in a methods section.",{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?","How to build a literature synthesis matrix when your themes keep changing, which way round the rows and columns go, and how much to write in each cell.",5,{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?","How to get from a completed synthesis matrix to written literature review paragraphs, the shape of a good synthesis paragraph, and how many sources belong in one.",6,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?","What supervisors mean when they call a literature review too descriptive, how to add critique without inserting opinion, and which sentences signal analysis.",7,{"path":145,"heading":146,"description":147,"order":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?","How to stop a review chapter going stale across a long PhD, how often to rerun searches, and how to update the chapter before submission without rewriting it.",8,{"path":150,"heading":151,"description":152,"order":153},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?","The real difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review, when a scoping review fits better, and whether a thesis chapter needs PRISMA.",9,{"path":155,"heading":156,"description":157,"order":158},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?","How to build a systematic review search strategy, how to decide which databases to search, and how to document a search so another researcher could repeat it.",10,{"path":160,"heading":161,"description":162,"order":163},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?","How to screen hundreds of abstracts for a review, what makes an inclusion criterion usable, and what to do when two screeners disagree about a paper.",11,{"path":90,"heading":78,"description":73,"order":82},[166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,189,192,195,198,201,204,207,210,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,234,237,240,243,246,249,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,330,333,336,339,342,345,348,351,354,357,360,363,366,369,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393,396,399,402,405,408,411,414,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437],{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":95,"heading":188},"How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":205,"heading":206},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":208,"heading":209},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":211,"heading":212},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":229,"heading":230},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":232,"heading":233},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":235,"heading":236},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":238,"heading":239},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":241,"heading":242},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":244,"heading":245},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":247,"heading":248},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":250,"heading":251},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":253,"heading":254},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":256,"heading":257},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":145,"heading":146},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":150,"heading":151},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":90,"heading":78},{"path":160,"heading":161},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":155,"heading":156},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":319,"heading":320},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":322,"heading":323},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":325,"heading":326},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":334,"heading":335},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":337,"heading":338},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":340,"heading":341},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":343,"heading":344},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":346,"heading":347},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":349,"heading":350},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":352,"heading":353},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":355,"heading":356},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":358,"heading":359},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":361,"heading":362},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":364,"heading":365},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":367,"heading":368},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":370,"heading":371},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":373,"heading":374},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":376,"heading":377},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":379,"heading":380},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":382,"heading":383},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":385,"heading":386},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":388,"heading":389},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":391,"heading":392},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":394,"heading":395},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":397,"heading":398},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":400,"heading":401},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":403,"heading":404},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":406,"heading":407},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":409,"heading":410},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":412,"heading":413},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":94,"heading":415},"How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014767696]