[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":437},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go":3,"answers-cluster-citations":106,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go":162},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":67,"outbound":79,"path":86,"primaryQuery":87,"product":88,"related":89,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":104,"updated":97,"__hash__":105},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go.md","Where Exactly Does the Citation Go in a Sentence?","Place the citation immediately after the clause it supports, not at the end of the sentence. A marker at the end claims the whole sentence came from that source. If your sentence combines a sourced finding with your own inference, the marker belongs at the boundary between them.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The reason this matters is that a citation is a factual assertion, and its position is part of the assertion. Writing \"adoption rose sharply after the policy change, which suggests the incentive scheme worked (Okonjo, 2019)\" tells a reader that Okonjo said both things. If Okonjo only reported the rise, you have attributed your interpretation to her.",[11,15,16],{},"The fix is mechanical. Split the sentence at the point where her evidence ends and your reasoning begins, and put the marker there: \"adoption rose sharply after the policy change (Okonjo, 2019), which suggests the incentive scheme worked.\" Nothing else changes. The claim is now yours and the evidence is still hers.",[11,18,19],{},"Penders states the rule behind the split. A source should get credit for its exact contribution, not simply appear somewhere near the argument it is supposed to support (Penders, 2018, p. 2). The same paper notes that one source often has to be cited more than once, because it supports different claims at different points in an argument. So if you move a marker into the middle of a sentence and the end of that sentence still rests on the same work, cite it twice rather than assuming the first marker carries across.",[11,21,22],{},"Two habits make this easy. First, draft with the marker in the middle rather than the end, even when it feels ungainly, because moving it later requires rereading the source. Second, when a sentence resists splitting, the sentence is usually doing two jobs and should be two sentences.",[11,24,25],{},"Different fields tolerate different densities. Numbered styles in engineering and the sciences carry markers so lightly that mid-sentence placement is normal. Author-date styles in the humanities and social sciences interrupt more, which tempts writers to park every citation at the end of the sentence. Resist it. Precision costs a reader half a second and buys you the benefit of the doubt for the rest of the chapter.",[11,27,28],{},"If mid-sentence placement still feels fussy, the measured error rates argue for it. In a systematic review of quotation accuracy, Jergas and Baethge found total errors ranging from 6.7% to 83.0% across 28 studies, with a median of 22.5%, and major errors, meaning the reference does not support the citing statement at all, ranging from 2.2% to 55.0% across 27 studies, with a median of 11.5% (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 5). Read those numbers with their limit attached. The review covered medical journal articles and excluded other reference types (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 2), so they document that misattribution is common in published work, not that a fifth of your own citations are wrong.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"do-i-repeat-the-same-citation-in-every-sentence-of-a-paragraph","Do I repeat the same citation in every sentence of a paragraph?",[11,35,36],{},"No. Cite on first mention, then signal continuing attribution with the author's name in your own prose, as in \"Kessler goes on to argue\" or \"her data show\". Repeat the full citation when you move to a different page range, when another source intervenes, or when a new paragraph continues the same source.",[11,38,39],{},"Repeating a parenthetical five times in six lines is the most common symptom of anxious drafting, and it reads as though you do not trust your own paragraph. The alternative is not to drop attribution but to carry it in the grammar. Verbs do this work: \"Kessler finds\", \"she attributes\", \"the study reports\". Each one keeps the source live in the reader's mind without another parenthesis.",[11,41,42],{},"Carrying attribution in the grammar puts the weight on the verb, so pick the verb against what the source actually did. Lingard warns that reporting verbs are not interchangeable, and contrasts writing that an author \"argues\" a point with the more accurate \"suggests\" or \"explored\" when the source was offering a tentative reflection (Lingard, 2018, Part II, p. 134). Penders makes the same point from the other side, contrasting \"the authors suggest\" with \"the authors establish\", and \"this pilot study shows\" with \"this excellent study shows\", wording that inflates or shrinks the contribution (Penders, 2018, p. 3). A correctly placed marker does not rescue a verb that overstates the finding.",[11,44,45],{},"The rule to keep is that a reader must never have to guess whose claim they are reading. If a paragraph runs for eight sentences on one source and your name markers thin out in the middle, add one. If you write a sentence of your own analysis inside that paragraph, make the shift explicit before you make it.",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"how-do-i-attribute-a-whole-paragraph-to-one-source","How do I attribute a whole paragraph to one source?",[11,51,52],{},"Name the source in the first sentence, keep every sentence in the paragraph inside that source's argument, and put the citation at the first mention. Do not open a paragraph with your own claim and attach a citation at the end. A reader cannot tell where the source stopped and you started.",[11,54,55],{},"Some style guides permit a single citation at the end of a paragraph that is entirely drawn from one work. It is allowed, and it is still a weaker choice, because it forces the reader to reinterpret eight sentences retroactively. Leading with the attribution costs you three words and removes the ambiguity completely.",[11,57,58],{},"A looser standard is in circulation, and it is worth knowing so you do not adopt it. Jergas and Baethge describe an earlier study that counted a reference as correct when it supported the general meaning of a sentence such as \"for a long time psychiatrists have debated about X\", even when the source did not establish every element of that wording (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 11). That tolerance suits an error audit, not a thesis chapter. If your source supports only the narrower claim that psychiatrists debated X, write the narrower claim, put the citation directly after it, and find separate evidence for \"for a long time\".",[11,60,61],{},"The test to apply before moving on: cover the citation with your thumb and reread the paragraph. If a stranger could not now say which sentences are reported and which are argued, the attribution is in the wrong place.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":67,"text":49},"citations","Where the citation marker belongs when only part of a sentence comes from a source, whether to repeat it every sentence, and how to attribute a paragraph.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?","answer",{},true,[80,83],{"label":81,"to":82},"Claims and citations in a research map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims",{"label":84,"to":85},"Building a qualitative evidence matrix","\u002Fblog\u002Fqualitative-evidence-matrix","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","where should a citation go when only one clause needs support",null,[90,91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing",{"title":5,"description":70},[94,98,101],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"Lingard, Writing an effective literature review: Part II: Citation technique, Perspectives on Medical Education (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40037-018-0407-z","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Penders, Ten simple rules for responsible referencing, PLoS Computational Biology (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1006036",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"Jergas and Baethge, Quotation accuracy in medical journal articles, a systematic review and meta-analysis, PeerJ (2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7717\u002Fpeerj.1364","answers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","IafaxgH2lO7L0xhPo0L8GkNlrYHLN6ry3X1WmjnbqQI",[107,112,113,118,122,127,132,137,142,147,152,157],{"path":108,"heading":109,"description":110,"order":111},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?","Whether every sentence in a thesis needs a citation, what counts as common knowledge in your field, and whether it is possible to cite too much.",1,{"path":86,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":67},{"path":114,"heading":115,"description":116,"order":117},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?","Whether to cite the paper you actually read or the original study it references, when an as cited in citation is acceptable, and what goes in the reference list.",3,{"path":119,"heading":120,"description":121,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?","What to do about a paywalled or unavailable paper you need to cite, the legitimate ways to get a copy, and how to cite it if you genuinely cannot read it.",{"path":123,"heading":124,"description":125,"order":126},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?","Whether citing a review article instead of the primary studies is acceptable, when a review is the right citation, and how many sources a broad claim needs.",5,{"path":128,"heading":129,"description":130,"order":131},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?","What to do when a paper's citation does not support the claim attached to it, how far back through a citation chain to check, and whether you can use the claim.",6,{"path":133,"heading":134,"description":135,"order":136},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?","How to verify that every claim in a thesis is supported by its source, what a claim-level audit looks like, and whether an abstract can support a claim.",7,{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?","How to fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly, which parts of a claim drift away from the evidence, and how to hedge without sounding unsure.",8,{"path":143,"heading":144,"description":145,"order":146},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?","Which page number belongs in a citation when the PDF numbering differs, whether paraphrases need page numbers, and how to cite a source that has no pages at all.",9,{"path":148,"heading":149,"description":150,"order":151},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?","How to quote a non-English source in an English thesis, whether to give the original or the translation or both, and how to cite a translation you made yourself.",10,{"path":153,"heading":154,"description":155,"order":156},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?","How much self-citation is acceptable in a paper or thesis, whether editors and reviewers flag it, and how to cite your own unpublished or in-progress work.",11,{"path":158,"heading":159,"description":160,"order":161},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?","How to choose between Zotero and Mendeley for doctoral work, how to migrate a library from one to the other, and how to stop duplicate references accumulating.",12,[163,165,168,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434],{"path":90,"heading":164},"How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":91,"heading":169},"How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":171,"heading":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":174,"heading":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":177,"heading":178},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":201,"heading":202},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":204,"heading":205},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":207,"heading":208},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":210,"heading":211},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":213,"heading":214},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":216,"heading":217},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":219,"heading":220},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":222,"heading":223},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":225,"heading":226},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":133,"heading":134},{"path":114,"heading":115},{"path":128,"heading":129},{"path":119,"heading":120},{"path":123,"heading":124},{"path":108,"heading":109},{"path":153,"heading":154},{"path":143,"heading":144},{"path":148,"heading":149},{"path":86,"heading":75},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":158,"heading":159},{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":270,"heading":271},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768208]