[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":440},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language":3,"answers-cluster-citations":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language":165},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":108,"updated":98,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language.md","Quoting a Source in Another Language","Give the translation in your main text and the original in a footnote, unless the exact wording is the point, in which case reverse it. Readers need to follow the argument without stopping, and specialists need to check the original. A footnote serves both.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,31,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The decision rests on what the quotation is doing. Most quotations carry content: this author said this thing, and you are reporting it. There the reader needs the meaning, so the translation belongs in the flow of the argument and the original goes below for anyone who wants to verify.",[11,15,16],{},"A minority of quotations carry form. When your analysis turns on a particular word, a rhetorical structure, or a term that has no clean equivalent, the original is the evidence and the translation is the aid. Then the original goes in the text and the translation follows in brackets or a footnote.",[11,18,19],{},"Do not silently translate and present the result as the author's words without saying so. A translation is an interpretation, and a reader who cannot see that a choice was made cannot evaluate it. Saying \"my translation\" costs two words and removes the problem entirely.",[11,21,22],{},"Where a published translation exists, decide which version you are actually using. If you read the translation, cite the translation, with its own translator and pagination. If you read the original and prefer your own rendering, cite the original and note that the translation is yours. Mixing the two, quoting a published translation while citing the original's pages, produces a reference nobody can follow.",[11,24,25],{},"Check every translated quotation against the page it came from before you submit. A systematic review of quotation accuracy screened 559 studies, included 28, and found pooled rates of 11.9 percent major errors, 11.5 percent minor errors, and 25.4 percent total errors (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 1). The same review attributes part of that failure to authors reading a paper according to what they expect it to say rather than what it says, with time pressure and rhetorical convenience adding risk (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 14). Translation multiplies that exposure, because the wording you print is one you produced rather than one you copied.",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"do-i-give-the-original-the-translation-or-both","Do I give the original, the translation, or both?",[11,32,33],{},"Both, for anything you quote directly. For short phrases, put the original in brackets after the translation. For longer passages, footnote the original. For paraphrases, the translation alone is fine, since the specific words are not what you are relying on.",[11,35,36],{},"Length is the practical constraint. A thesis where every quotation appears twice in the main text becomes very hard to read, which is why footnotes carry the originals in most humanities work.",[11,38,39],{},"For non-Latin scripts, follow your discipline's convention on transliteration, and be consistent. Some fields expect the script itself, others expect a standard romanization, and a few expect both.",[11,41,42],{},"Keeping the original available matters most where a passage is contested or where your reading turns on a single term. Across the investigations pooled in the quotation-accuracy review, major error rates ranged from 2.2 percent to 55.0 percent and total error rates from 6.7 percent to 83.0 percent, with medians of 11.5 percent and 22.5 percent (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 5). The review also records an older convention of counting a quotation as accurate when the source supported its general sense, even if the precise wording was not established (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 11). For a thesis, treat that as the line you must not cross, since a rendering that captures the gist is a paraphrase and belongs in your own sentence, not inside quotation marks.",[27,44,46],{"id":45},"how-do-i-cite-my-own-translation","How do I cite my own translation?",[11,48,49],{},"State that the translation is yours, once at the first instance with a note saying all translations are your own unless stated, or after each quotation in brackets. Your translation is still a quotation of the source, so it keeps the original's citation and page number.",[11,51,52],{},"The blanket note is cleaner for a thesis with many translated quotations, and it goes in the front matter or at the first instance. Where you use a mix of your own and published translations, mark the exceptions individually rather than relying on the reader to track it.",[11,54,55],{},"If a translation choice is contestable, and in specialist work some will be, a short footnote explaining the choice is worth more than a defensive paragraph in a viva. Examiners in translation-heavy fields notice which candidates thought about this.",[11,57,58],{},"Say who or what produced the translation, including a machine tool or a colleague who helped. A study of non-English studies in Campbell reviews found cost, time, funding, and the absence of external language resources to be the main barriers, with professional or volunteer translators, translation software, English abstracts, training, and guidelines named as the resources that helped (Neimann Rasmussen and Montgomery, 2018, pp. 7-8). The same study reports that major review guidelines told authors to decide language questions case by case, or to avoid language restrictions, while offering little practical advice on how (Neimann Rasmussen and Montgomery, 2018, p. 2). So expect no rule to hand you the answer, and write down the decision you made instead.",[11,60,61],{},"Both studies limit what they can settle for you. Neimann Rasmussen and Montgomery note that thin language resources push teams onto whatever skills they happen to have, which can lose key data and introduce bias, and they say the interpretation needs further assessment (Neimann Rasmussen and Montgomery, 2018, p. 1). The quotation-accuracy review rests almost entirely on English-language literature, with only two Dutch papers and one German one, so its error rates describe a habit rather than a measured effect of translation (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 16). The practice they support is narrow and worth keeping: verify the passage, keep the original where wording carries the argument, and name the translator.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":29,"depth":67,"text":30},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"citations","How to quote a non-English source in an English thesis, whether to give the original or the translation or both, and how to cite a translation you made yourself.","md",[73,74],{"q":30,"a":33},{"q":46,"a":49},"How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?","answer",{},true,10,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Retrieval across a curated corpus","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Frag-and-retrieval",{"label":85,"to":86},"The reference and troubleshooting FAQ","\u002Fdocs\u002Freference\u002Ftroubleshooting-and-faq","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","how to quote a source in another language in an english thesis",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102,105],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"APA Style, quotations and translated material","https:\u002F\u002Fapastyle.apa.org\u002Fstyle-grammar-guidelines\u002Fcitations\u002Fquotations","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"Amano et al., Languages Are Still a Major Barrier to Global Science, PLoS Biology (2016)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.2000933",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Neimann Rasmussen and Montgomery, The prevalence of and factors associated with inclusion of non-English language studies in Campbell systematic reviews: a survey and meta-epidemiological study, Systematic Reviews (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs13643-018-0786-6",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":98},"Jergas and Baethge, Quotation accuracy in medical journal articles, a systematic review and meta-analysis, PeerJ (2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7717\u002Fpeerj.1364","answers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","XeNPsmoO-PT0GetGIzhOhYjYkY6clmPfS2FGSqyUAH4",[111,116,120,125,129,134,139,144,149,154,155,160],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?","Whether every sentence in a thesis needs a citation, what counts as common knowledge in your field, and whether it is possible to cite too much.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?","Where the citation marker belongs when only part of a sentence comes from a source, whether to repeat it every sentence, and how to attribute a paragraph.",{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":124},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?","Whether to cite the paper you actually read or the original study it references, when an as cited in citation is acceptable, and what goes in the reference list.",3,{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?","What to do about a paywalled or unavailable paper you need to cite, the legitimate ways to get a copy, and how to cite it if you genuinely cannot read it.",{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?","Whether citing a review article instead of the primary studies is acceptable, when a review is the right citation, and how many sources a broad claim needs.",5,{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?","What to do when a paper's citation does not support the claim attached to it, how far back through a citation chain to check, and whether you can use the claim.",6,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?","How to verify that every claim in a thesis is supported by its source, what a claim-level audit looks like, and whether an abstract can support a claim.",7,{"path":145,"heading":146,"description":147,"order":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?","How to fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly, which parts of a claim drift away from the evidence, and how to hedge without sounding unsure.",8,{"path":150,"heading":151,"description":152,"order":153},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?","Which page number belongs in a citation when the PDF numbering differs, whether paraphrases need page numbers, and how to cite a source that has no pages at all.",9,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?","How much self-citation is acceptable in a paper or thesis, whether editors and reviewers flag it, and how to cite your own unpublished or in-progress work.",11,{"path":161,"heading":162,"description":163,"order":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?","How to choose between Zotero and Mendeley for doctoral work, how to migrate a library from one to the other, and how to stop duplicate references accumulating.",12,[166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307,310,313,316,319,322,325,328,331,334,337,340,343,346,349,352,354,357,360,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437],{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":150,"heading":151},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":145,"heading":146},{"path":161,"heading":162},{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":263,"heading":264},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":266,"heading":267},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":269,"heading":270},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":305,"heading":306},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":308,"heading":309},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":311,"heading":312},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":314,"heading":315},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":317,"heading":318},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":320,"heading":321},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":323,"heading":324},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":326,"heading":327},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":329,"heading":330},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":332,"heading":333},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":335,"heading":336},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":338,"heading":339},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":341,"heading":342},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":344,"heading":345},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":347,"heading":348},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":350,"heading":351},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":92,"heading":353},"How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":355,"heading":356},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":358,"heading":359},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":91,"heading":361},"How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768435]