[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":436},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number":3,"answers-cluster-citations":105,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number":160},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":63,"description":64,"extension":65,"faq":66,"heading":69,"intro":57,"kind":70,"meta":71,"navigation":72,"order":73,"outbound":74,"path":81,"primaryQuery":82,"product":83,"related":86,"seo":88,"sources":89,"stem":103,"updated":93,"__hash__":104},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number.md","Journal Page Number or PDF Page Number?","Always the printed page number of the published article or book, the one shown in the page header or footer. Your PDF viewer's page count is a property of the file, not of the work, and a reader with a different copy will not find your passage using it.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":56},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The two numbers diverge for a simple reason. A journal article that begins on page 447 of an issue is often distributed as a PDF whose first page is page one. Some publishers add a cover sheet, which shifts everything by one more. Copy the number from your viewer and you produce a citation nobody else can follow.",[11,15,16],{},"The rule to apply is that a citation should work for a reader who has the printed journal, the publisher's PDF, a repository copy, and a photocopy. Only the printed page number satisfies all four. It is on the page itself, usually in the header or footer, and it is the number that appears in the article's own bibliographic record.",[11,18,19],{},"The reason this matters is the job a citation is supposed to do. Penders states that a citation should identify where an idea originated and let a reader consult and evaluate the cited work directly (Penders, 2018, p. 2). A file position fails that test, because it points at your copy rather than at the publication. Note that none of the published guidance frames this as a numbered rule about offsets, so treat it as an application of the accuracy principle rather than as a citation law you can quote.",[11,21,22],{},"Preprints and accepted manuscripts are where this gets genuinely awkward, since they have no printed pagination and their content may differ from the version of record. If you read the preprint, cite the preprint as a preprint, with its own identifier, rather than pretending you read the published article. Authors themselves treat the two versions as distinct. Bourne and colleagues label the pre-peer-review version of their own article as an earlier version rather than as an interchangeable copy of the published one (Bourne et al., 2017, p. 5). If the file you read has no printed pagination, the file's own page number is the correct locator for that version, and your reference has to say which version it is.",[11,24,25],{},"Before you submit, check four things against the journal record rather than against your viewer: title and authors, year and journal, volume and issue or article number, and the locator as it appears in the version you cite. Do not assume a reference manager has done this for you. Jin and colleagues report that reference tools carry inconsistencies in bibliographic detail, and that CiteWell's automated validation is centered on PubMed-indexed literature, so anything outside that index needs manual confirmation (Jin et al., 2026, p. 5).",[11,27,28],{},"One habit prevents almost all of this trouble: record the page at the moment you take the note, read off the page itself. Reconstructing page numbers at the end of a thesis is slow, error-prone, and the source of a large share of citation corrections.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"do-paraphrases-need-page-numbers","Do paraphrases need page numbers?",[11,35,36],{},"APA does not require them and encourages them when they help a reader locate the passage in a long work. Chicago and MLA generally expect a locator for any specific claim. In a thesis, include them for anything specific, since an examiner checking a claim should not have to search a forty-page article.",[11,38,39],{},"The judgment is about specificity rather than about quoting. A claim drawn from one paragraph needs a locator whether or not you used the author's words. A claim about the paper's overall argument does not.",[11,41,42],{},"Where the idea runs across several pages, give the range rather than a single page. A range is honest about where the support lies and it is what a reader needs to check.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"how-do-i-cite-a-source-that-has-no-page-numbers","How do I cite a source that has no page numbers?",[11,48,49],{},"Use whatever stable division the source provides: a paragraph number, a section heading, an article number, a timestamp, or a chapter for an ebook. Do not use an ebook reader's page numbers, since they change with font size and device.",[11,51,52],{},"Online-first and article-number publishing has made this common. Many journals now assign an article number instead of page ranges, and the correct citation uses that number, with a paragraph or section locator for a specific claim.",[11,54,55],{},"Whatever locator you choose, be consistent through the thesis. Mixing paragraph numbers and section headings for similar sources looks like carelessness even when both are individually correct.",{"title":57,"searchDepth":58,"depth":58,"links":59},"",4,[60,62],{"id":32,"depth":61,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":61,"text":46},"citations","Which page number belongs in a citation when the PDF numbering differs, whether paraphrases need page numbers, and how to cite a source that has no pages at all.","md",[67,68],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?","answer",{},true,9,[75,78],{"label":76,"to":77},"Claims and citations in a research map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims",{"label":79,"to":80},"The interface, section by section","\u002Fdocs\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fthe-interface","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","do i use the journal page number or the pdf page number",{"text":84,"to":77,"label":85},"Agent Bayes records the printed page numbers of the source rather than positions in the file, so a citation carries the page range that will appear in your bibliography. Opening a citation takes you to that page in the document.","How page references are recorded",[87],"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said",{"title":5,"description":64},[90,94,97,100],{"label":91,"url":92,"checked":93},"APA Style, paraphrasing and in-text citation","https:\u002F\u002Fapastyle.apa.org\u002Fstyle-grammar-guidelines\u002Fcitations\u002Fparaphrasing","2026-08-06",{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":93},"Penders, Ten simple rules for responsible referencing, PLoS Computational Biology (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1006036",{"label":98,"url":99,"checked":93},"Jin et al., Comparison of reference management software with new artificial intelligence-based tools, Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions (2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3352\u002Fjeehp.2026.23.2",{"label":101,"url":102,"checked":93},"Bourne et al., Ten simple rules to consider regarding preprint submission, PLoS Computational Biology (2017)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1005473","answers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","saEAJoViBziEIySVe0lMCpxJtyoHupC3XvWVxwXmSrs",[106,111,115,120,124,129,134,139,144,145,150,155],{"path":107,"heading":108,"description":109,"order":110},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?","Whether every sentence in a thesis needs a citation, what counts as common knowledge in your field, and whether it is possible to cite too much.",1,{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":61},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?","Where the citation marker belongs when only part of a sentence comes from a source, whether to repeat it every sentence, and how to attribute a paragraph.",{"path":116,"heading":117,"description":118,"order":119},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?","Whether to cite the paper you actually read or the original study it references, when an as cited in citation is acceptable, and what goes in the reference list.",3,{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":58},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?","What to do about a paywalled or unavailable paper you need to cite, the legitimate ways to get a copy, and how to cite it if you genuinely cannot read it.",{"path":125,"heading":126,"description":127,"order":128},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?","Whether citing a review article instead of the primary studies is acceptable, when a review is the right citation, and how many sources a broad claim needs.",5,{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?","What to do when a paper's citation does not support the claim attached to it, how far back through a citation chain to check, and whether you can use the claim.",6,{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?","How to verify that every claim in a thesis is supported by its source, what a claim-level audit looks like, and whether an abstract can support a claim.",7,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?","How to fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly, which parts of a claim drift away from the evidence, and how to hedge without sounding unsure.",8,{"path":81,"heading":69,"description":64,"order":73},{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?","How to quote a non-English source in an English thesis, whether to give the original or the translation or both, and how to cite a translation you made yourself.",10,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?","How much self-citation is acceptable in a paper or thesis, whether editors and reviewers flag it, and how to cite your own unpublished or in-progress work.",11,{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?","How to choose between Zotero and Mendeley for doctoral work, how to migrate a library from one to the other, and how to stop duplicate references accumulating.",12,[161,164,167,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,361,364,367,370,373,376,379,382,385,388,391,394,397,400,403,406,409,412,415,418,421,424,427,430,433],{"path":162,"heading":163},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":165,"heading":166},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":168,"heading":169},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":171,"heading":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":174,"heading":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":177,"heading":178},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":201,"heading":202},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":204,"heading":205},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":207,"heading":208},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":210,"heading":211},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":213,"heading":214},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":216,"heading":217},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":219,"heading":220},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":222,"heading":223},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":225,"heading":226},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":116,"heading":117},{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":125,"heading":126},{"path":107,"heading":108},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":81,"heading":69},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":270,"heading":271},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":87,"heading":360},"How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":362,"heading":363},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":365,"heading":366},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":368,"heading":369},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":371,"heading":372},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":374,"heading":375},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":377,"heading":378},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":380,"heading":381},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":383,"heading":384},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":386,"heading":387},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":389,"heading":390},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":392,"heading":393},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":395,"heading":396},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":398,"heading":399},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":401,"heading":402},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":404,"heading":405},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":407,"heading":408},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":410,"heading":411},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":413,"heading":414},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":416,"heading":417},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":419,"heading":420},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":422,"heading":423},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":425,"heading":426},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":428,"heading":429},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":431,"heading":432},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":434,"heading":435},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768424]