[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":437},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation":3,"answers-cluster-citations":106,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation":161},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":104,"updated":97,"__hash__":105},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation.md","How Much Self-Citation Is Too Much?","As much as the argument genuinely requires and no more. There is no threshold, and the test is functional: would you cite this work if someone else had written it? If yes, cite it. If you are citing it to raise a count or to signal a track record, remove it.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,37,40,43,46,49,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Self-citation has a bad reputation it partly deserves and mostly does not. In a doctoral thesis, or in a paper extending your own earlier work, citing yourself is not merely acceptable but required, because failing to do so would misrepresent where the work came from. A programme of research builds on itself, and hiding that is worse than showing it.",[11,15,16],{},"What gives the practice its reputation is the other kind, where citations are added to inflate a metric or to advertise. That version is visible to readers because the citations do no work in the sentences they appear in. A reader can tell the difference, and so can a reviewer.",[11,18,19],{},"If you want numbers to compare yourself with, the largest study of the question gives ranges rather than limits. Ioannidis, Baas, Klavans and Boyack measured the top 100,000 authors in Scopus and found a median career-long self-citation rate of 12.7%, with half of those authors falling between 8.6% and 17.7% (Ioannidis et al., 2019, p. 2). For 2017 alone the median dropped to 9.2%, with an interquartile range of 4.8% to 14.7%. These figures describe heavily cited senior researchers rather than graduate students, so read them as context and not as a quota you need to hit.",[11,21,22],{},"The same dataset shows where scrutiny starts. Roughly 8,600 of those 100,000 authors exceeded 25% self-citation across their careers, and about 1,100 exceeded 40% (Ioannidis et al., 2019, p. 2). The authors stop short of calling any of that misconduct. They recommend examining extreme cases one by one instead of deleting self-citations from metrics wholesale. Treat a proportion above a quarter as a reason to check what each of your citations is doing, not as evidence that something is wrong.",[11,24,25],{},"For a thesis by publication, self-citation is structural. Your chapters cite each other, and they cite the papers those chapters became. State clearly at the start how the published work relates to the thesis, since examiners will want that mapping and providing it removes any suggestion of concealment.",[11,27,28],{},"There is one situation that needs care: citing your own work for a claim it does not support. The scrutiny you apply to other people's papers applies to yours, and the fact that you wrote it does not exempt it from being checked.",[11,30,31],{},"Penders draws the line by function. Self-citation is legitimate when it documents incremental iterative advancement, and it becomes a problem when it turns into salami slicing, where one study is split across several papers to raise publication and citation counts (Penders, 2018, pp. 2-3). Omission carries its own cost. Leaving out your own relevant earlier work implies that the current paper originated an idea, question, method or critique that it did not.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"will-an-editor-or-reviewer-flag-it","Will an editor or reviewer flag it?",[11,38,39],{},"They can, and some journals screen for it. What draws attention is a pattern rather than a number: several of your own papers cited for claims that do not need them, or citations to your work that the argument does not use. A high proportion in a narrow specialism is normal and usually passes without comment.",[11,41,42],{},"Coercive citation, where a reviewer or editor asks you to add citations to their own work without a substantive reason, is the mirror image of the problem and is treated as a publication ethics issue. If it happens, you are entitled to decline and to explain why in your response letter.",[11,44,45],{},"For anonymized review, replace self-citations that would identify you with a neutral form for submission and restore them afterwards, following the journal's instructions.",[11,47,48],{},"Norms are local before they are disciplinary. Penders observes that referencing practice varies between laboratories, departments and fields, so molecular biology papers routinely place several references after a single statement while research ethics and science policy expect each reference to be given contextual explanation (Penders, 2018, p. 5). Ioannidis and colleagues make the matching point from the data side, warning that comparisons across fields are tenuous because citation densities differ and databases treat self-citations inconsistently (Ioannidis et al., 2019, p. 1). Check what your own subfield does before deciding your rate is high.",[33,50,52],{"id":51},"how-do-i-cite-my-own-unpublished-work","How do I cite my own unpublished work?",[11,54,55],{},"Cite it with its actual status. A manuscript under review is cited as unpublished or under review, a preprint is cited as a preprint with its identifier, and a thesis chapter is cited as part of the thesis. Never cite in-progress work as though it were published.",[11,57,58],{},"Status changes during a long project, so keep these citations in one place and check them at final submission. A reference list containing three papers described as under review that appeared eighteen months ago looks careless.",[11,60,61],{},"Where the work is genuinely inaccessible to a reader, consider whether you need the citation at all. If the claim matters, summarize the evidence in the text so a reader can evaluate it without waiting for publication.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":35,"depth":67,"text":36},2,{"id":51,"depth":67,"text":52},"citations","How much self-citation is acceptable in a paper or thesis, whether editors and reviewers flag it, and how to cite your own unpublished or in-progress work.","md",[73,74],{"q":36,"a":39},{"q":52,"a":55},"How much self-citation is acceptable?","answer",{},true,11,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"The reference and troubleshooting FAQ","\u002Fdocs\u002Freference\u002Ftroubleshooting-and-faq",{"label":85,"to":86},"Claims and citations in a research map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","how much self citation is acceptable in a paper",null,[91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided",{"title":5,"description":70},[94,98,101],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"Ioannidis et al., A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field, PLoS Biology (2019)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.3000384","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Penders, Ten simple rules for responsible referencing, PLoS Computational Biology (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1006036",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"Marušić et al., A systematic review of research on the meaning, ethics and practices of authorship across scholarly disciplines, PLoS One (2011)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0023477","answers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","L5Z7bjZ8-eQyLiPKk3SVFrOnkZ9LZg9zsE1fcHCSQmk",[107,112,116,121,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,156],{"path":108,"heading":109,"description":110,"order":111},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?","Whether every sentence in a thesis needs a citation, what counts as common knowledge in your field, and whether it is possible to cite too much.",1,{"path":113,"heading":114,"description":115,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?","Where the citation marker belongs when only part of a sentence comes from a source, whether to repeat it every sentence, and how to attribute a paragraph.",{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":120},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?","Whether to cite the paper you actually read or the original study it references, when an as cited in citation is acceptable, and what goes in the reference list.",3,{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?","What to do about a paywalled or unavailable paper you need to cite, the legitimate ways to get a copy, and how to cite it if you genuinely cannot read it.",{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?","Whether citing a review article instead of the primary studies is acceptable, when a review is the right citation, and how many sources a broad claim needs.",5,{"path":131,"heading":132,"description":133,"order":134},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?","What to do when a paper's citation does not support the claim attached to it, how far back through a citation chain to check, and whether you can use the claim.",6,{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?","How to verify that every claim in a thesis is supported by its source, what a claim-level audit looks like, and whether an abstract can support a claim.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?","How to fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly, which parts of a claim drift away from the evidence, and how to hedge without sounding unsure.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?","Which page number belongs in a citation when the PDF numbering differs, whether paraphrases need page numbers, and how to cite a source that has no pages at all.",9,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?","How to quote a non-English source in an English thesis, whether to give the original or the translation or both, and how to cite a translation you made yourself.",10,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":157,"heading":158,"description":159,"order":160},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?","How to choose between Zotero and Mendeley for doctoral work, how to migrate a library from one to the other, and how to stop duplicate references accumulating.",12,[162,165,168,171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,207,210,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,246,249,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434],{"path":163,"heading":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":169,"heading":170},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":205,"heading":206},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":208,"heading":209},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":211,"heading":212},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":229,"heading":230},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":131,"heading":132},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":108,"heading":109},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":113,"heading":114},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":157,"heading":158},{"path":244,"heading":245},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":247,"heading":248},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":250,"heading":251},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":253,"heading":254},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":256,"heading":257},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":91,"heading":313},"How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768444]