[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":439},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that":3,"answers-cluster-citations":109,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that":164},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":92,"seo":95,"sources":96,"stem":107,"updated":100,"__hash__":108},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that.md","The Cited Source Does Not Actually Say That","Follow the chain to the earliest source that actually contains evidence, and cite that. If no source in the chain contains it, the claim is unsupported in the literature and you cannot use it. Do not repeat the citation because three other papers did.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The discovery is unsettling the first time. You follow a citation to check a detail, and the cited paper does not contain the claim, or contains something narrower, or is about a different population entirely. It is not rare, and finding it means you are doing something most readers do not.",[11,15,16],{},"There are three distinct causes and they call for different responses. Sometimes the claim is there but in a section you did not check, so read the whole paper before concluding anything. Sometimes the citing author generalized: the source reported an effect in one setting and the citing paper stated it without conditions. And sometimes the citation is simply wrong, pointing at the wrong work entirely, which happens through reference-manager errors more often than through carelessness.",[11,18,19],{},"The generalization case is the most consequential, because it is invisible to anyone who does not check. A conditional finding becomes general, gets cited again in its general form, and after four hops the condition has disappeared from the literature while the citation still points, formally, at real evidence.",[11,21,22],{},"When you find one, the useful move is to trace rather than to discard. The chain usually leads somewhere, and knowing where a widely repeated claim actually comes from is a genuine contribution you can put in a footnote or a paragraph.",[11,24,25],{},"Check the cited work itself, not the citing paper's summary of it and not the reference list. Penders points out that a citation marks where an idea, method, or critique came from, and that reading the cited work is what lets you judge whether the citation fits (Penders, 2018, p. 2). Compare the exact proposition in the citing sentence against the source's research question, sample, methods, results, and stated limitations, then record whether the source supports the claim, supports only a narrower version, reports a competing result, or says nothing relevant at all.",[11,27,28],{},"How often this happens has been measured. Jergas and Baethge define a major quotation error as one where the cited source is not at all coherent with the claim attached to it, which is a different problem from a wrong page number or a garbled reference (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 2). Across the medical studies they reviewed, major errors ranged from 2.2% to 55.0% of checked citations, with a median of 11.5% across 27 studies, and total errors ranged from 6.7% to 83.0%, with a median of 22.5% across 28 studies (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, p. 5). They also warn that the variation between studies is large enough that no single figure transfers to your field (Jergas and Baethge, 2015, pp. 16-20). Treat the numbers as a reason to check, not as an expected error rate.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"how-far-back-through-a-citation-chain-should-i-go","How far back through a citation chain should I go?",[11,35,36],{},"Until you reach a paper reporting original evidence rather than citing someone else. Chains of three or four are common and chains of six exist. Stop when you find data, or when you find that the earliest link contains no evidence either, which happens more often than you would expect.",[11,38,39],{},"Keep a note of the chain as you go, with each paper and what it actually said. If the claim matters to your argument, that note becomes a paragraph. If it does not, the note stops you repeating the trace in six months when you have forgotten doing it.",[11,41,42],{},"Watch for the loop, where two papers cite each other and no original evidence exists anywhere. It sounds unlikely and it is documented in several fields, usually around a number everybody quotes.",[11,44,45],{},"Note which studies the chain routed around, not only where it ends. Greenberg separates three distortions in a citation network, citation bias, where supporting papers are cited and critical ones are not, amplification, and invention (Greenberg, 2009, p. 8). When he corrected for bias against critical content in the network he traced, five of six primary-data papers that had been cited rarely turned out to carry authority (Greenberg, 2009, p. 4). Repeated citation is not independent confirmation, so a chain that ends in real data can still be misleading if the contrary studies were dropped along the way.",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"can-i-still-use-the-claim-if-the-chain-breaks","Can I still use the claim if the chain breaks?",[11,51,52],{},"Only by changing what you assert. You can say the claim is widely repeated in the literature and cite the repetitions, which is a different and often more interesting statement. You cannot present it as established, because you have just discovered that it is not.",[11,54,55],{},"The reframing is genuinely useful. \"This figure is widely cited but traces to a single unpublished estimate\" is the kind of sentence that makes a literature review worth reading, and in some cases it is a finding in its own right.",[11,57,58],{},"If you replace the source, pick the replacement for the job the sentence is doing. Penders recommends reviews for broad context in an introduction and empirical papers when you describe a specific contribution in a discussion, and advises prioritizing peer-reviewed work over editorials and preprints, deprioritizing self-citations, and limiting how many citations you stack behind one claim (Penders, 2018, p. 4). A review can define a field-level problem, but a specific number belongs to the study that produced it. Where the mismatch is arguable rather than clear, quote the passage and set out both readings, since Greenberg notes that readers can reasonably disagree about what a text asserts (Greenberg, 2009, p. 8).",[11,60,61],{},"If the claim was load-bearing for your argument, treat its collapse as important information rather than an inconvenience. Better to find out now than to have an examiner find it in your chapter.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":67,"text":49},"citations","What to do when a paper's citation does not support the claim attached to it, how far back through a citation chain to check, and whether you can use the claim.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?","answer",{},true,6,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":85,"to":86},"Claims and citations in a research map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","the source cited for a claim does not actually say that",{"text":90,"to":83,"label":91},"Agent Bayes reads the full text behind an attached citation and scores how well the evidence supports the claim as written, rather than checking that a reference exists. Where the phrasing goes beyond what the source says, the mismatch is reported instead of passed over.","How citation verification works",[93,94],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations",{"title":5,"description":70},[97,101,104],{"label":98,"url":99,"checked":100},"Greenberg, How citation distortions create unfounded authority: analysis of a citation network, BMJ (2009)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbmj.b2680","2026-08-06",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":100},"Jergas and Baethge, Quotation accuracy in medical journal articles, a systematic review and meta-analysis, PeerJ (2015)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.7717\u002Fpeerj.1364",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":100},"Penders, Ten simple rules for responsible referencing, PLoS Computational Biology (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1006036","answers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","N4B1gCTf6JPFD5bG5fA2UkF3j_0BTHRQ-XbEPVzG880",[110,115,119,124,128,133,134,139,144,149,154,159],{"path":111,"heading":112,"description":113,"order":114},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?","Whether every sentence in a thesis needs a citation, what counts as common knowledge in your field, and whether it is possible to cite too much.",1,{"path":116,"heading":117,"description":118,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?","Where the citation marker belongs when only part of a sentence comes from a source, whether to repeat it every sentence, and how to attribute a paragraph.",{"path":120,"heading":121,"description":122,"order":123},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?","Whether to cite the paper you actually read or the original study it references, when an as cited in citation is acceptable, and what goes in the reference list.",3,{"path":125,"heading":126,"description":127,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?","What to do about a paywalled or unavailable paper you need to cite, the legitimate ways to get a copy, and how to cite it if you genuinely cannot read it.",{"path":129,"heading":130,"description":131,"order":132},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?","Whether citing a review article instead of the primary studies is acceptable, when a review is the right citation, and how many sources a broad claim needs.",5,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?","How to verify that every claim in a thesis is supported by its source, what a claim-level audit looks like, and whether an abstract can support a claim.",7,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?","How to fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly, which parts of a claim drift away from the evidence, and how to hedge without sounding unsure.",8,{"path":145,"heading":146,"description":147,"order":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?","Which page number belongs in a citation when the PDF numbering differs, whether paraphrases need page numbers, and how to cite a source that has no pages at all.",9,{"path":150,"heading":151,"description":152,"order":153},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?","How to quote a non-English source in an English thesis, whether to give the original or the translation or both, and how to cite a translation you made yourself.",10,{"path":155,"heading":156,"description":157,"order":158},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?","How much self-citation is acceptable in a paper or thesis, whether editors and reviewers flag it, and how to cite your own unpublished or in-progress work.",11,{"path":160,"heading":161,"description":162,"order":163},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?","How to choose between Zotero and Mendeley for doctoral work, how to migrate a library from one to the other, and how to stop duplicate references accumulating.",12,[165,168,171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,207,210,213,216,219,222,225,227,230,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307,310,313,316,319,322,325,328,331,334,337,340,343,346,349,352,355,358,361,364,367,370,373,376,379,382,385,388,391,394,397,400,403,406,409,412,415,418,421,424,427,430,433,436],{"path":166,"heading":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":169,"heading":170},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":205,"heading":206},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":208,"heading":209},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":211,"heading":212},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":94,"heading":226},"How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":228,"heading":229},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":231,"heading":232},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":120,"heading":121},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":125,"heading":126},{"path":129,"heading":130},{"path":111,"heading":112},{"path":155,"heading":156},{"path":145,"heading":146},{"path":150,"heading":151},{"path":116,"heading":117},{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":160,"heading":161},{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":93,"heading":270},"What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":305,"heading":306},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":308,"heading":309},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":311,"heading":312},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":314,"heading":315},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":317,"heading":318},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":320,"heading":321},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":323,"heading":324},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":326,"heading":327},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":329,"heading":330},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":332,"heading":333},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":335,"heading":336},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":338,"heading":339},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":341,"heading":342},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":344,"heading":345},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":347,"heading":348},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":350,"heading":351},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":353,"heading":354},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":356,"heading":357},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":359,"heading":360},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":362,"heading":363},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":365,"heading":366},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":368,"heading":369},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":371,"heading":372},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":374,"heading":375},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":377,"heading":378},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":380,"heading":381},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":383,"heading":384},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":386,"heading":387},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":389,"heading":390},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":392,"heading":393},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":395,"heading":396},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":398,"heading":399},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":401,"heading":402},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":404,"heading":405},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":407,"heading":408},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":410,"heading":411},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":413,"heading":414},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":416,"heading":417},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":419,"heading":420},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":422,"heading":423},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":425,"heading":426},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":428,"heading":429},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":431,"heading":432},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":434,"heading":435},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":437,"heading":438},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768237]