[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":442},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":109,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs":169},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":92,"seo":95,"sources":96,"stem":107,"updated":100,"__hash__":108},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs.md","Why AI Answers Improve When It Reads Your PDFs","Because the answer is composed from text it can see rather than from what it recalls. Recall produces plausible sentences with no mechanism for checking whether the underlying paper exists. Answering from documents you supplied means every statement can be traced to a passage you can open.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The difference is not that one system is smarter. It is that the two are being asked different questions. \"What does the literature say about X\" asks a model to reconstruct a body of work from statistical memory, which is a task with no verification step built into it. \"What do these forty papers say about X\" asks it to read and summarize text that is present, which is a task where every sentence can be traced.",[11,15,16],{},"That is why the same underlying technology produces such different reliability in the two settings. Published studies of generated references, where the model was asked to recall, report fabrication rates ranging from roughly a fifth to two thirds depending on the model and the task. Those numbers describe recall, not reading.",[11,18,19],{},"The engineering literature names the two settings directly. Lewis and colleagues separate parametric memory, which is what the model absorbed during training, from non-parametric memory, which is an external index the model reads at answer time (Lewis et al., 2020, p. 1). Their system retrieved passages from a December 2018 Wikipedia index of 21 million 100-word documents and then wrote the answer conditioned on those passages. The point is not that the model holds more facts. The evidence can be specific to your question, swapped when the literature moves, and inspected afterwards as the basis for the sentence you got (Lewis et al., 2020, p. 4).",[11,21,22],{},"The measured gains are real but conditional. On Natural Questions, RAG-Sequence reached 44.5 Exact Match against 34.5 for closed-book T5-11B and 41.5 for DPR, and on CuratedTrec it reached 52.2 against 46.8 for REALM and 50.6 for DPR (Lewis et al., 2020, p. 6). RAG-Token led WebQuestions at 45.5. The authors report a new state of the art across the open-domain question answering tasks, with the qualification that this did not hold on the T5-comparable TriviaQA split (Lewis et al., 2020, p. 5). Supplying documents helps when the retrieval step actually surfaces the right passage, which is why a tightly scoped library beats a sprawling one.",[11,24,25],{},"There is a second benefit that gets less attention. A corpus you assembled is a corpus you can defend. When an examiner asks why a claim rests on the studies it rests on, \"these are the papers I selected against these criteria\" is an answer. \"The tool surfaced them\" is not.",[11,27,28],{},"The trade is coverage. A system confined to your library cannot tell you about a paper you never added, and it will say so rather than invent one. That silence is the feature: a gap you can see is a gap you can go and fill.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-is-retrieval-and-why-does-it-reduce-fabrication","What is retrieval, and why does it reduce fabrication?",[11,35,36],{},"Retrieval means finding the relevant passages in a defined set of documents first, then writing the answer from those passages. The model is no longer being asked to remember a literature, only to summarize text in front of it, which removes the situation where invented references are produced.",[11,38,39],{},"The reference cannot be invented because it is not being produced from memory at all. It is the document the passage came from, which you put there, and which you can open.",[11,41,42],{},"This is also why the size of the corpus matters less than its relevance. Forty well-chosen papers produce better answers than four thousand assorted ones, for the same reason a focused reading list beats a library.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"does-retrieval-eliminate-errors-entirely","Does retrieval eliminate errors entirely?",[11,48,49],{},"No. The passage retrieved can be the wrong one, the summary of it can overstate what it says, and a claim can be attributed to a paper that was merely reporting someone else's finding. Retrieval changes the error from invented sources to misread ones, which is smaller and checkable.",[11,51,52],{},"The reported-versus-argued distinction is the one worth watching. Papers spend much of their length describing other people's work, so a passage containing a claim is not evidence that the paper's authors endorse it.",[11,54,55],{},"Grounding also does not make fluent prose trustworthy. Smith and colleagues warn that language models produce seemingly correct but false answers, especially on complex questions, and that polished writing creates a halo effect in which readers take fluency for accuracy (Smith et al., 2024, p. 5). A separate paper by Smith, Greaves, and Panch describes model output as probabilistic and variable, prone to generating non-factual narrative detail (Smith et al., 2023, pp. 1-2). Your PDFs constrain what the model reads. They do not audit what it wrote.",[11,57,58],{},"Two things follow for how you work. Smith and colleagues advise stating your context and constraints explicitly, because that is what makes a response relevant rather than generic (Smith et al., 2024, p. 2). A curated PDF collection does that by construction, since a seminar reading list or dissertation bibliography is already a constraint on the answer space. They also require subject-matter review of anything generated, and note that summaries are harder to check than citations or code (Smith et al., 2024, p. 7). Note the limit of the transfer: Lewis and colleagues tested Wikipedia, not students' libraries, so the mechanism carries over but the benchmark numbers do not.",[11,60,61],{},"The practical consequence is unchanged by any architecture: open the citation, read the passage, and confirm it supports your sentence. Retrieval makes that check take ten seconds instead of an afternoon, which is the actual improvement.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"ai-in-research","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","answer",{},true,12,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Retrieval across a curated corpus","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Frag-and-retrieval",{"label":85,"to":86},"What separates AI research tools","\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-separates-ai-research-tools","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","why does an ai give better answers about my own pdfs",{"text":90,"to":83,"label":91},"Agent Bayes searches only the papers you added to your own library, and every claim it writes carries the source and the printed page behind it, so a citation always opens at the passage it came from. When your library has no answer, that is reported rather than filled in.","How retrieval over your library works",[93,94],"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember",{"title":5,"description":70},[97,101,104],{"label":98,"url":99,"checked":100},"Lewis et al., Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks, arXiv (2020)","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2005.11401","2026-08-06",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":100},"Smith et al., Hallucination or Confabulation? Neuroanatomy as metaphor in Large Language Models, PLOS Digital Health (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pdig.0000388",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":100},"Smith et al., Ten simple rules for using large language models in science, version 1.0, PLoS Computational Biology (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1011767","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","XkO8loVuwii9Fp0hSQxtHTmIMov5MXEtREWziRcks2s",[110,115,119,124,128,133,138,143,148,153,158,163,164],{"path":111,"heading":112,"description":113,"order":114},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":116,"heading":117,"description":118,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":120,"heading":121,"description":122,"order":123},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":125,"heading":126,"description":127,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":129,"heading":130,"description":131,"order":132},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":134,"heading":135,"description":136,"order":137},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":139,"heading":140,"description":141,"order":142},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":144,"heading":145,"description":146,"order":147},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":149,"heading":150,"description":151,"order":152},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":154,"heading":155,"description":156,"order":157},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":159,"heading":160,"description":161,"order":162},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":165,"heading":166,"description":167,"order":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,234,237,240,243,246,249,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,330,333,336,339,342,344,347,350,353,356,359,361,364,367,370,373,376,379,382,385,388,391,394,397,400,403,406,409,412,415,418,421,424,427,430,433,436,439],{"path":171,"heading":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":174,"heading":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":177,"heading":178},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":159,"heading":160},{"path":134,"heading":135},{"path":129,"heading":130},{"path":116,"heading":117},{"path":149,"heading":150},{"path":125,"heading":126},{"path":139,"heading":140},{"path":120,"heading":121},{"path":154,"heading":155},{"path":165,"heading":166},{"path":144,"heading":145},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":111,"heading":112},{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":229,"heading":230},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":232,"heading":233},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":235,"heading":236},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":238,"heading":239},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":241,"heading":242},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":244,"heading":245},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":247,"heading":248},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":250,"heading":251},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":253,"heading":254},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":256,"heading":257},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":319,"heading":320},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":322,"heading":323},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":325,"heading":326},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":334,"heading":335},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":337,"heading":338},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":340,"heading":341},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":94,"heading":343},"How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":93,"heading":360},"How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":362,"heading":363},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":365,"heading":366},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":368,"heading":369},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":371,"heading":372},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":374,"heading":375},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":377,"heading":378},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":380,"heading":381},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":383,"heading":384},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":386,"heading":387},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":389,"heading":390},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":392,"heading":393},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":395,"heading":396},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":398,"heading":399},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":401,"heading":402},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":404,"heading":405},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":407,"heading":408},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":410,"heading":411},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":413,"heading":414},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":416,"heading":417},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":419,"heading":420},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":422,"heading":423},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":425,"heading":426},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":428,"heading":429},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":431,"heading":432},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":434,"heading":435},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":437,"heading":438},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":440,"heading":441},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768917]