[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":446},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":113,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review":173},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":111,"updated":98,"__hash__":112},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review.md","Can You Use AI to Write a Peer Review?","Mostly no, and never by uploading the manuscript. Publishers and funders have converged on treating a submitted manuscript as confidential, which pasting it into a third-party tool breaches. Some allow language polishing of a review you wrote yourself, without the manuscript content.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Peer review is treated differently from authorship, and more strictly, for one reason: the manuscript is not yours. Authors submitted it in confidence, they have not published it, and in many cases they have not yet secured priority for the finding. Sending that text anywhere outside the review process is a disclosure of someone else's unpublished work.",[11,15,16],{},"Funders moved first and clearly here. The US National Science Foundation announced in December 2023 that reviewers may not upload proposal or review content to non-approved generative AI tools. The European Research Council clarified in March 2026 that reviewers may not use AI to summarize proposals, assess merit, or draft evaluations, allowing only limited language polishing that does not involve proposal content or personal data.",[11,18,19],{},"The list is longer than those two bodies. The NIH prohibits AI from analyzing or generating review content, the CIHR College of Reviewers prevents generative AI use in research-proposal review, and the European Research Council states that AI must not replace humans in grant evaluation (Helmy et al., 2025, p. 4). Reviewer guidance written for computational biologists puts it more directly, describing the use of language models for reviews as almost always strictly forbidden, because sending manuscript content to an external agent can breach the venue's privacy policy (Rahman and DeBlasio, 2026, p. 2). The same guidance treats confidentiality as a core reviewer duty rather than a formality (Rahman and DeBlasio, 2026, p. 3).",[11,21,22],{},"Journals have followed the same logic. The consistent requirements are that the assessment must be the reviewer's own, the manuscript must not be uploaded, and any assistance should be disclosed to the editor.",[11,24,25],{},"There is also a quality argument worth stating separately. The value of a review is a specialist's judgment about whether the work is sound and what it contributes. A generated review reads as competent and generic, and editors have become good at spotting it, which is a reputational risk to set against the time saved.",[11,27,28],{},"The measurements back that up. Liang and colleagues ran GPT-4 over 3,096 papers from 15 Nature-family journals and 1,709 ICLR papers and compared its comments against the human reviews. Overlap with human feedback averaged 30.85% for the Nature papers and 39.23% for ICLR, against 28.58% and 35.25% between two human reviewers (Liang et al., 2023, p. 1). What it misses matters more than that headline number. GPT-4 raised research implications 7.27 times more often than human reviewers and raised novelty 10.69 times less often, and it was 2.19 times more likely to ask for experiments on additional datasets while humans were 6.71 times more likely to ask for ablations (Liang et al., 2023, p. 17). Novelty is usually the exact question the editor needs you to answer.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-does-uploading-a-manuscript-to-a-chatbot-risk","What does uploading a manuscript to a chatbot risk?",[11,35,36],{},"A confidentiality breach, which is the reviewer obligation taken most seriously. You are handling unpublished work that the authors have not released, and sending it to an external service is a disclosure regardless of what the service does with it. Several funders now prohibit this explicitly.",[11,38,39],{},"The consequences are real. Editors remove reviewers, and a demonstrated breach can affect your standing with a journal or a funding body for a long time. Grant review has formal enforcement attached.",[11,41,42],{},"The obligation covers the review you write as well as the manuscript, since a detailed review discloses the manuscript's content by implication.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"what-do-publishers-currently-allow","What do publishers currently allow?",[11,48,49],{},"Positions vary and are tightening. The common ground is that the review must be your own judgment, the manuscript must not be uploaded to external tools, and any AI assistance should be disclosed to the editor. Check the specific journal's reviewer guidance, since several now ask directly.",[11,51,52],{},"Where assistance is permitted, it is usually confined to language: improving the clarity of a review you have already written, with no manuscript content passed to the tool. That is a narrow allowance and it is worth reading the exact wording before relying on it.",[11,54,55],{},"Where a venue does permit assistance, validation is part of the work. The recommended practice is to refine your prompts, look at several outputs, and cross-check anything generated against empirical evidence, domain expertise, or established knowledge before using it, then disclose the platform, the version, and the role it played (Helmy et al., 2025, p. 9). The sources do not agree on how far this extends. Liang and colleagues found that 57.4% of 308 surveyed researchers rated GPT-4 feedback helpful or very helpful, and 82.4% found it more useful than feedback from at least some human reviewers, but they position that tool for early manuscript preparation when timely expert feedback is unavailable, which is a different situation from a formal review you agreed to deliver (Liang et al., 2023, p. 1).",[11,57,58],{},"If you are short of time, the better response is to decline the review or ask for an extension. Editors much prefer a late review or a decline to one they cannot trust.",[11,60,61],{},"One use is uncontroversial and worth mentioning: checking a claim in the manuscript against the literature you already hold, without sending the manuscript anywhere. Verifying that a cited source says what the authors report is exactly the reviewing work that gets skipped under time pressure.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"ai-in-research","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","answer",{},true,13,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":85,"to":86},"What separates AI research tools","\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-separates-ai-research-tools","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","can i use ai to write a peer review",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102,105,108],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"ICMJE, use of AI by authors and reviewers","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.icmje.org\u002Frecommendations\u002Fbrowse\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fai-use-by-authors.html","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fpublicationethics.org\u002Fguidance\u002Fcope-position\u002Fauthorship-and-ai-tools",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Liang et al., Can large language models provide useful feedback on research papers? A large-scale empirical analysis, arXiv (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2310.01783",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":98},"Rahman and DeBlasio, Ten simple rules for writing a peer review, PLoS Computational Biology (2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1014359",{"label":109,"url":110,"checked":98},"Helmy et al., Ten simple rules for optimal and careful use of generative AI in science, PLoS Computational Biology (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1013588","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","aJzzdX44vIJjekMjP3UP9FbVYKKaVcDuZMMVq2GuGrc",[114,119,123,128,132,137,142,147,152,157,162,167,172],{"path":115,"heading":116,"description":117,"order":118},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":120,"heading":121,"description":122,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":124,"heading":125,"description":126,"order":127},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":129,"heading":130,"description":131,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":133,"heading":134,"description":135,"order":136},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":143,"heading":144,"description":145,"order":146},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":148,"heading":149,"description":150,"order":151},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":153,"heading":154,"description":155,"order":156},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":158,"heading":159,"description":160,"order":161},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":163,"heading":164,"description":165,"order":166},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":168,"heading":169,"description":170,"order":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},[174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307,310,313,316,319,322,325,327,330,333,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443],{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":163,"heading":164},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":133,"heading":134},{"path":120,"heading":121},{"path":153,"heading":154},{"path":129,"heading":130},{"path":143,"heading":144},{"path":124,"heading":125},{"path":158,"heading":159},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":148,"heading":149},{"path":168,"heading":169},{"path":115,"heading":116},{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":263,"heading":264},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":266,"heading":267},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":269,"heading":270},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":305,"heading":306},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":308,"heading":309},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":311,"heading":312},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":314,"heading":315},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":317,"heading":318},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":320,"heading":321},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":323,"heading":324},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":92,"heading":326},"How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":91,"heading":334},"How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":444,"heading":445},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768923]