[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":443},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis":170},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":108,"updated":98,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis.md","Can You Use AI in a PhD Thesis?","Usually yes, within your institution's rules and with a declaration. Policies vary sharply: some universities require committee approval before any use, several now require a statement inside the thesis naming the tools and where they were used, and a few departments prohibit generated text outright.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,49,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"There is no single rule, and anyone who tells you there is has read one university's policy. Doctoral regulations sit at several levels at once: the institution, the graduate school, the faculty or department, the examination regulations, and your supervisory committee. All of them can constrain you, and the strictest one wins.",[11,15,16],{},"The direction over the last two years has been towards permission with mandatory declaration. Several universities now require a statement inside the thesis itself, in some cases immediately after the abstract, naming the tool and version, the provider, where and how it was used, and confirming compliance with the local rules. Some departments require prior committee approval and treat undeclared use as unauthorized assistance.",[11,18,19],{},"A minority go further and prohibit specific uses. Redrafting a thesis written in another language is prohibited at least one major university, and some departments prohibit generated written content entirely unless approved.",[11,21,22],{},"Journal policy is moving the same way, and your examiners read it. A 2025 comparative review of editorial policies found that ICMJE, WAME, COPE, the NEJM, the Lancet, Nature, the BMJ, Cell, and the Journal of Korean Medical Science all permit some AI assistance provided it is disclosed, while Science prohibits certain uses outright and requires the tool, the version, and the prompts to be reported (Yoo, 2025, p. 6). The common thread is accountability rather than prohibition. ICMJE's position is that a generative system cannot be an author because it cannot make creative decisions, take responsibility for the work, or declare conflicts of interest, so the purpose and extent of any assistance has to be stated by the human author (Yoo, 2025, p. 3).",[11,24,25],{},"Whatever your local rule, two habits protect you. Keep a running log of what you used, when, and for what, because a declaration written from records is accurate and one written from memory is not. And keep drafts with version history, since that is the strongest evidence available that the writing is yours.",[11,27,28],{},"Verify every output before it enters the thesis. Generative systems produce convincing but fabricated content, and fake references and citations are the most common form, a problem that persists even as factual accuracy improves (Helmy et al., 2025, pp. 2-3). Fabricated citations, hallucinated data, and paraphrased plagiarism are the misconduct scenarios the policy literature keeps naming (Yoo, 2025, p. 11). Check each citation, quotation, number, and interpretation against the original source, and do not paste confidential or unpublished research data into a system your policy has not cleared.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-do-universities-typically-permit","What do universities typically permit?",[11,35,36],{},"Assistive use of language and structure on text you wrote, and increasingly some analytical or literature-handling use with disclosure. What is commonly prohibited is presenting generated text as your own writing, and what is commonly required is a declaration plus records of what you used.",[11,38,39],{},"The trend in 2026 policies is towards specificity. Earlier statements said \"use responsibly\", which nobody could apply. Newer ones name the categories, ask for tool and version, and specify the location of the declaration, which is easier to comply with.",[11,41,42],{},"If your regulations are vague about what counts as substantive, the publishing side offers a usable line. Resnik and Hosseini's scheme, as reported in the same review, sorts disclosure into mandatory, optional, and unnecessary. Mandatory covers intentional and substantial use: forming hypotheses, writing portions of the manuscript, collecting or analysing data, and generating figures or tables. Limited linguistic, structural, or routine technical help sits in the optional or unnecessary categories (Yoo, 2025, p. 7). Applied to a thesis, anything that shapes an argument, interprets evidence, or produces a table belongs in the declaration, while spelling and grammar correction on your own sentences usually does not.",[11,44,45],{},"Write the declaration so someone could reconstruct what happened. The operational recommendation is to name where and how the system contributed across data preprocessing, hypothesis generation, analysis, and manuscript preparation, and to identify the platform, the version, and the nature of the involvement (Helmy et al., 2025, p. 9). One qualification worth knowing before a viva: detector scores are weak evidence. They produce false positives, they are biased against writers whose first language is not English, and paraphrasing defeats them, so they belong as supplementary information rather than as the basis for an academic decision (Yoo, 2025, p. 8).",[11,47,48],{},"Read your own regulations rather than a summary of them, including the examination regulations, which are the ones that actually govern what happens at submission.",[30,50,52],{"id":51},"what-should-i-tell-my-supervisor","What should I tell my supervisor?",[11,54,55],{},"Ask before you use anything substantive, in writing, describing the specific use rather than the tool. \"May I use a tool to screen abstracts against my inclusion criteria\" gets a clear answer. \"Can I use AI\" gets a nervous one, because it could mean anything.",[11,57,58],{},"Keep the reply. A supervisor's written approval of a specific use is the single most useful thing you can have if the question comes up at examination, and it costs one email to obtain.",[11,60,61],{},"If your supervisor is uncertain, offer to write a short paragraph describing exactly what you propose to do and how you would verify the output. That converts an anxious general question into a concrete one they can say yes or no to, and it is the same paragraph your declaration will eventually need.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":51,"depth":67,"text":52},"ai-in-research","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":52,"a":55},"Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","answer",{},true,10,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":85,"to":86},"Why AI should help researchers think longer","\u002Fblog\u002Fai-should-help-researchers-think-longer","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","can i use ai in my phd thesis",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102,105],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fpublicationethics.org\u002Fguidance\u002Fcope-position\u002Fauthorship-and-ai-tools","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"Helmy et al., Ten simple rules for optimal and careful use of generative AI in science, PLoS Computational Biology (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1013588",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Crilly et al., Ten simple rules for navigating AI in science, PLoS Computational Biology (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1013259",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":98},"Yoo, Defining the Boundaries of AI Use in Scientific Writing: A Comparative Review of Editorial Policies, Journal of Korean Medical Science (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3346\u002Fjkms.2025.40.e187","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","nYlDzt1hKP7pBhEUKztQIT8aD41gctRI23YU9QCrap0",[111,116,120,125,129,134,139,144,149,154,155,160,165],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":121,"heading":122,"description":123,"order":124},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":130,"heading":131,"description":132,"order":133},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":135,"heading":136,"description":137,"order":138},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":140,"heading":141,"description":142,"order":143},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":145,"heading":146,"description":147,"order":148},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":150,"heading":151,"description":152,"order":153},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":161,"heading":162,"description":163,"order":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":166,"heading":167,"description":168,"order":169},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,216,219,222,225,228,231,234,237,240,243,246,249,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440],{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":92,"heading":199},"How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":135,"heading":136},{"path":130,"heading":131},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":150,"heading":151},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":140,"heading":141},{"path":121,"heading":122},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":166,"heading":167},{"path":145,"heading":146},{"path":161,"heading":162},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":229,"heading":230},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":232,"heading":233},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":235,"heading":236},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":238,"heading":239},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":241,"heading":242},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":244,"heading":245},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":247,"heading":248},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":250,"heading":251},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":253,"heading":254},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":256,"heading":257},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":91,"heading":298},"How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768697]