[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":443},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":110,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism":170},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":108,"updated":98,"__hash__":109},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism.md","Is Using ChatGPT for Academic Writing Plagiarism?","Not in the classic sense, since there is no human author whose work you took. It is usually treated as a separate offence, unauthorized assistance or undeclared AI use, which many institutions penalize just as heavily. The decisive question is what your own regulations permit and what you declared.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Plagiarism has a specific meaning: presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without attribution. Model output has no human author in that sense, which is why most institutions found their existing plagiarism rules did not cleanly apply and wrote new ones.",[11,15,16],{},"What they wrote is usually framed as unauthorized assistance. The offence is not taking someone's words, it is submitting work that is not your own effort where your own effort was required, and failing to say so. The penalty range is typically the same as for plagiarism, so the distinction matters for how the rule is worded rather than for what happens to you.",[11,18,19],{},"There is a genuine plagiarism risk hiding inside AI use, though, and it is the one people miss. Model output sometimes reproduces training text closely, so a passage you accepted without checking can contain someone's phrasing. Running generated text through the same originality check you would apply to your own writing is a reasonable precaution.",[11,21,22],{},"A review of editorial policies draws the line at what you appropriated rather than at which tool you opened. It treats presenting AI-generated ideas as original, or concealing substantial AI-written material, as breaches of research ethics, because both hide who contributed what (Yoo, 2025, p. 6). The same review lists the conduct that actually gets sanctioned: paraphrased plagiarism, fabricated citations, and hallucinated data, and it recommends teaching those examples directly so authors and editors judge cases the same way (Yoo, 2025, p. 11). Asking for a clearer sentence sits far from copying references you never opened.",[11,24,25],{},"Do not assume a detector will settle the question either way. An evaluation of seven GPT detectors found that English essays by native Chinese speakers were flagged as AI-generated far more often than essays by native English speakers, because the detectors keyed on perplexity and narrower linguistic range lowers it, and running the essays through ChatGPT for language enrichment reduced those false positives (Otterbacher, 2023, p. 2). The same article notes an arms race in which more capable models learn to evade detectors, and reports that academics could not reliably tell ChatGPT-generated medical abstracts from human ones (Otterbacher, 2023, pp. 1-2). A detector score is not proof that you plagiarized, and a clean score is not proof that your authorship was acceptable.",[11,27,28],{},"The larger risk in doctoral work is neither of these. It is submitting claims you cannot defend. Whatever the regulations say, a viva tests whether you understand and can support what your thesis asserts, and text you did not write is text you may not be able to account for.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"where-is-the-line-between-editing-and-generating","Where is the line between editing and generating?",[11,35,36],{},"Roughly: fixing what you wrote is editing, producing what you did not write is generating. Grammar, spelling, and clarity corrections on your own sentences are treated as assistive almost everywhere. Text that first existed as model output, even if you then revised it, is generated and normally needs declaring.",[11,38,39],{},"The middle cases are where people get into difficulty. Asking for a rewrite of your paragraph \"more clearly\" usually returns a paragraph with different content as well as different phrasing, and at that point the boundary has been crossed without an obvious moment of crossing.",[11,41,42],{},"A workable personal rule: if you could not reconstruct the sentence from your own understanding of the sources, it is not yet yours, whatever its origin.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"what-does-a-typical-university-policy-actually-say","What does a typical university policy actually say?",[11,48,49],{},"That AI use is permitted only where the assessment or supervisor allows it, that it must be declared, and that you remain responsible for accuracy. Rules vary sharply between institutions, faculties, and even individual examiners, so the only reliable source is your own regulations.",[11,51,52],{},"Doctoral rules have tightened noticeably. Several universities now require a statement in the thesis itself describing which tools were used and where, and some require prior approval from the supervisory committee before any use at all.",[11,54,55],{},"Journal policy has converged faster than university policy, and it tells you where the rules are heading. A comparative review of ICMJE, WAME, and COPE guidance alongside major journals found that nearly all of them refuse to list an AI tool as an author, since a tool cannot carry legal or ethical responsibility, and that the human authors stay accountable for anything the tool helped produce (Yoo, 2025, p. 1). The review singles out the Journal of Korean Medical Science for asking authors to state the tool name, the prompt, the purpose, and the scope of use, and argues that a disclosure specifying extent and function is worth more than a yes or no checkbox (Yoo, 2025, p. 9).",[11,57,58],{},"A broader literature review of 45 studies published between 2018 and 2022 puts the weight elsewhere. It attributes cheating and plagiarism to student pressure, weak integrity awareness, outdated honor codes, and unethical AI use, and it recommends ethics tutorials, honor codes rewritten for AI, and real institutional support for academic writing and paraphrasing rather than tighter policing (Sozon et al., 2024, pp. 1-2). Neither view helps you if your department has not updated its own text, which is why the written answer from your supervisor is the record that matters.",[11,60,61],{},"Two things protect you regardless of the local rule. Ask your supervisor in writing and keep the reply. And keep records of what you used, when, and for what, since a declaration is much easier to write from notes than from memory three years later.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"ai-in-research","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","answer",{},true,3,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":85,"to":86},"Why AI should help researchers think longer","\u002Fblog\u002Fai-should-help-researchers-think-longer","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","is using chatgpt for academic writing plagiarism",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102,105],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fpublicationethics.org\u002Fguidance\u002Fcope-position\u002Fauthorship-and-ai-tools","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"Sozon et al., Cheating and plagiarism in higher education institutions (HEIs): A literature review, F1000Research (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12688\u002Ff1000research.147140.2",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Otterbacher, Why technical solutions for detecting AI-generated content in research and education are insufficient, Patterns (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.patter.2023.100796",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":98},"Yoo, Defining the Boundaries of AI Use in Scientific Writing: A Comparative Review of Editorial Policies, Journal of Korean Medical Science (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3346\u002Fjkms.2025.40.e187","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","HpdSSbYWtX32sQldEB5_UakOQ6glRywWWPpihlsD_yo",[111,116,120,121,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,160,165],{"path":112,"heading":113,"description":114,"order":115},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":131,"heading":132,"description":133,"order":134},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":161,"heading":162,"description":163,"order":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":166,"heading":167,"description":168,"order":169},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[171,174,177,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,216,219,222,225,228,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440],{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":91,"heading":178},"How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":180,"heading":181},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":183,"heading":184},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":186,"heading":187},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":189,"heading":190},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":192,"heading":193},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":195,"heading":196},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":198,"heading":199},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":131,"heading":132},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":166,"heading":167},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":161,"heading":162},{"path":112,"heading":113},{"path":214,"heading":215},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":217,"heading":218},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":220,"heading":221},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":223,"heading":224},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":226,"heading":227},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":92,"heading":229},"Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":231,"heading":232},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":234,"heading":235},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":237,"heading":238},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":240,"heading":241},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":243,"heading":244},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":246,"heading":247},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":249,"heading":250},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":252,"heading":253},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":255,"heading":256},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":258,"heading":259},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":261,"heading":262},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":264,"heading":265},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":267,"heading":268},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":270,"heading":271},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768478]