[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":446},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":113,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt":173},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":66,"description":67,"extension":68,"faq":69,"heading":72,"intro":60,"kind":73,"meta":74,"navigation":75,"order":76,"outbound":77,"path":84,"primaryQuery":85,"product":86,"related":87,"seo":90,"sources":91,"stem":111,"updated":95,"__hash__":112},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt.md","How to Cite ChatGPT in APA, MLA, and Chicago","Treat the company as the author and the tool as software. For a conversation with a stable shared link, cite that specific chat. Otherwise cite the tool itself, and put the prompts in an appendix or in the methods, since a reader cannot otherwise see what produced the output.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":59},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,31,34,37,40,44,47,50,53,56],[11,12,13],"p",{},"All three style guides changed their advice between 2023 and 2025, mostly because shareable conversation links appeared and made some chats retrievable. Check the guide's own site rather than a summary, since the versions circulating in course handbooks are often the first 2023 wording.",[11,15,16],{},"The underlying problem the guides are solving is that a chat is usually not retrievable. If a reader cannot open what you cited, the citation cannot do its main job. That is why Chicago keeps unshared conversations out of the bibliography and treats them like personal communication, and why APA now distinguishes a specific shared chat from the tool in general.",[11,18,19],{},"The practical implication is to preserve the evidence yourself. Save the conversation, note the model and the date, and record the prompts. If a shareable link exists, generate one. Doing this at the time costs seconds and turns an uncitable exchange into something a reader can check.",[11,21,22],{},"One thing all three guides agree on, and it is the most important point on this page: when the model points you at a source, cite the source, not the model. Find it, read it, confirm it says what was claimed, and cite it directly. MLA states this explicitly and warns that secondary sources named by a tool must be vetted.",[11,24,25],{},"Citing a chat and disclosing that you used one are separate requirements, and the venue decides which applies. A comparison of editorial policies found that ICMJE, WAME, COPE, NEJM, The Lancet, Nature, BMJ, Annals of Internal Medicine, Cell, and JKMS all require disclosure of AI use and all refuse to list an AI tool as an author, while Science adds two requirements of its own, prohibiting AI-generated citations and asking for the tool name, version, and prompt in the specified submission materials (Yoo, 2025, p. 6).",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"how-do-i-cite-an-ai-tool-in-mla-9-and-chicago","How do I cite an AI tool in MLA 9 and Chicago?",[11,32,33],{},"MLA does not treat the tool as an author. Describe the generated content or the prompt as the title, name the tool as the container, the version, the developer, the date, and the URL. Chicago credits the tool in the text or a note, and keeps it out of the bibliography unless a public link exists.",[11,35,36],{},"Chicago's example note form is a text-generated-by construction naming the tool, the developer, and the date, with the prompt included if it is not already in your text. Where you edited the output, Chicago asks you to say so.",[11,38,39],{},"MLA has separate guidance on describing AI use beyond citation, which matters when the tool assisted with editing or translation rather than producing quoted content.",[27,41,43],{"id":42},"should-a-chat-be-cited-or-described-in-the-methods","Should a chat be cited or described in the methods?",[11,45,46],{},"Both, doing different jobs. A citation identifies retrievable content. A methods or acknowledgment statement explains how the tool affected the work, which is what publishers actually require. If the tool shaped the research rather than supplying a quotation, the statement matters more than the citation.",[11,48,49],{},"For a thesis, the statement is usually what your regulations ask for, and several universities now specify where it goes, in some cases immediately after the abstract. Check your own institution's wording rather than adapting a journal's.",[11,51,52],{},"Keep the two consistent. A methods statement describing extensive use alongside a single citation of one chat looks like an incomplete account, and the reverse looks like over-formalizing a trivial use.",[11,54,55],{},"To decide what the statement has to cover, Mehta and colleagues propose a checklist with three domains, conceptual contributions, linguistic assistance, and research assistance (Mehta et al., 2026, p. 1). Their examples allow language editing and clarity work provided you review every change for a shift in meaning, and allow AI-assisted search or statistical suggestions only when you verify the results, record the decisions you made, and disclose the assistance (Mehta et al., 2026, p. 4). Sorting your own use into those three domains gives you the content of the statement.",[11,57,58],{},"Do not assume one statement transfers. Yoo reports a real disagreement between venues, since some prohibit AI-generated text outright while others permit specific uses as long as you disclose them transparently, and the requirements differ from one journal to the next (Yoo, 2025, p. 6). Write to the policy of the venue you are submitting to, and check it again if you submit somewhere else. Across all of them, the responsibility for accuracy and integrity stays with you, and the tool is never an author (Yoo, 2025, p. 6).",{"title":60,"searchDepth":61,"depth":61,"links":62},"",4,[63,65],{"id":29,"depth":64,"text":30},2,{"id":42,"depth":64,"text":43},"ai-in-research","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.","md",[70,71],{"q":30,"a":33},{"q":43,"a":46},"How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","answer",{},true,7,[78,81],{"label":79,"to":80},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":82,"to":83},"Claims and citations in a research map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fmindmaps-nodes-and-claims","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","how to cite chatgpt in apa 7",null,[88,89],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything",{"title":5,"description":67},[92,96,99,102,105,108],{"label":93,"url":94,"checked":95},"APA Style, how to cite ChatGPT","https:\u002F\u002Fapastyle.apa.org\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","2026-08-06",{"label":97,"url":98,"checked":95},"MLA Style Center, how to cite generative AI","https:\u002F\u002Fstyle.mla.org\u002Fciting-generative-ai\u002F",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":95},"Chicago Manual of Style Q and A, citing ChatGPT","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.chicagomanualofstyle.org\u002Fqanda\u002Fdata\u002Ffaq\u002Ftopics\u002FDocumentation\u002Ffaq0422.html",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":95},"Mehta et al., A call for clarity: a unified checklist for reporting use of large language models in writing scientific manuscripts, Research Integrity and Peer Review (2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41073-026-00212-3",{"label":106,"url":107,"checked":95},"Penders, Ten simple rules for responsible referencing, PLoS Computational Biology (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1006036",{"label":109,"url":110,"checked":95},"Yoo, Defining the Boundaries of AI Use in Scientific Writing: A Comparative Review of Editorial Policies, Journal of Korean Medical Science (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3346\u002Fjkms.2025.40.e187","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","4kC7c7lQGsUI-gudkpE43hnL4CFI5PF6t-ADZhmonCU",[114,119,123,128,132,137,142,143,148,153,158,163,168],{"path":115,"heading":116,"description":117,"order":118},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":120,"heading":121,"description":122,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":124,"heading":125,"description":126,"order":127},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":129,"heading":130,"description":131,"order":61},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":133,"heading":134,"description":135,"order":136},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":84,"heading":72,"description":67,"order":76},{"path":144,"heading":145,"description":146,"order":147},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":149,"heading":150,"description":151,"order":152},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":154,"heading":155,"description":156,"order":157},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":159,"heading":160,"description":161,"order":162},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":164,"heading":165,"description":166,"order":167},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":169,"heading":170,"description":171,"order":172},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,220,223,226,229,232,234,237,240,243,246,249,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443],{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":159,"heading":160},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":133,"heading":134},{"path":120,"heading":121},{"path":149,"heading":150},{"path":129,"heading":130},{"path":84,"heading":72},{"path":124,"heading":125},{"path":154,"heading":155},{"path":169,"heading":170},{"path":144,"heading":145},{"path":164,"heading":165},{"path":115,"heading":116},{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":89,"heading":233},"Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":235,"heading":236},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":238,"heading":239},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":241,"heading":242},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":244,"heading":245},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":247,"heading":248},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":250,"heading":251},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":253,"heading":254},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":256,"heading":257},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":319,"heading":320},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":322,"heading":323},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":325,"heading":326},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":88,"heading":328},"How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":444,"heading":445},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768686]