[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":449},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":115,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper":176},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":64,"outbound":79,"path":86,"primaryQuery":87,"product":88,"related":89,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":113,"updated":97,"__hash__":114},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper.md","Do You Have to Disclose AI Use in a Paper?","Yes for substantive use, and the definition of substantive is broadly consistent across publishers: anything that generated text, code, images, analysis, or references. Ordinary spelling, grammar, and copy-editing assistance on your own writing is usually exempt, though the exemptions differ, so check the journal.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Publisher policies converged faster than most people realize. Between 2023 and 2026 the major houses arrived at roughly the same three rules: an AI tool cannot be an author, substantive use must be declared, and the human authors remain fully responsible for everything in the paper including anything a tool produced.",[11,15,16],{},"Where they still differ is on placement and on the size of the exemption. Elsevier asks for a dedicated declaration immediately before the reference list. Springer Nature and Nature Portfolio titles want substantive use documented in Methods. PLOS requires a Methods subsection naming the tool, its use, and how the output was validated. IEEE puts it in Acknowledgments with the affected sections named. Science asks for the cover letter and the acknowledgments, and for the full prompt where the tool produced part of the work.",[11,18,19],{},"The practical consequence is that you cannot write one disclosure and reuse it. Check the target journal's instructions for authors immediately before submission, because publisher-level policy is a floor and individual journals impose more.",[11,21,22],{},"A comparative review of editorial policies shows how far the required detail varies. ICMJE asks for the purpose and extent of AI use, Nature places the role and scope in Methods, BMJ asks for the tool, the purpose, and the content generated, and Science requires the tool name, version, and the prompts in Methods, with disclosure repeated in the cover letter and the acknowledgments. Science also prohibits AI-generated citations and may decline to send a manuscript for review when a tool has been used inappropriately (Yoo, 2025, p. 6).",[11,24,25],{},"The reason for all this is accountability rather than suspicion of the tools. Disclosure lets readers judge what the AI actually did, while the human authors stay responsible for accuracy, integrity, and originality (Yoo, 2025, p. 5). Undisclosed use becomes evidence in a research-misconduct investigation when the tool contributed to errors, copyright infringement, or data manipulation (Yoo, 2025, p. 9). Some publishers now go further and ask authors to explain how the tool was used, and the requirement extends across CAAA Journals, Elsevier, IEEE, Frontiers, PLOS, ICMJE, COPE, and WAME, while JAMA Network, Nature, and Cell Press prohibit AI authorship outright (Helmy et al., 2025, p. 6).",[11,27,28],{},"What to record in the disclosure is more consistent: the tool and version, what it was used for, which parts of the manuscript it affected, and a statement that you reviewed and take responsibility for the output. Keeping notes as you go makes this a five-minute task rather than a reconstruction.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-do-the-major-publishers-require","What do the major publishers require?",[11,35,36],{},"All of them require disclosure of substantive use and all refuse AI authorship. Elsevier wants a declaration section before the references. Springer Nature, PLOS, and Nature want it in Methods. Wiley, IEEE, and Taylor and Francis accept Acknowledgments or Methods depending on the use. Science wants the cover letter as well.",[11,38,39],{},"Medical journals are stricter. JAMA discourages AI-created content in submissions unless it is part of the study design, and asks for the tool, version, manufacturer, dates used, and the content affected. BMJ extends its policy to AI used in the underlying work and, as far as authors know, in important cited sources.",[11,41,42],{},"The direction of travel is towards more detail rather than less, so a paper being written now should record more than the current rule requires.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"which-uses-are-exempt-from-declaration","Which uses are exempt from declaration?",[11,48,49],{},"Usually basic spelling and grammar checking, reference formatting, and light copy-editing of text you wrote. Springer Nature exempts AI-assisted copy editing explicitly. Wiley exempts simple grammar and limited word-choice help. Anything that changes meaning, generates content, or touches analysis is not exempt anywhere.",[11,51,52],{},"Translation sits awkwardly. Some publishers treat it as assistive and some as substantive, and at least one university prohibits AI translation of a thesis drafted in another language. If translation was material to your text, declare it.",[11,54,55],{},"One review sorts 11 use scenarios into three tiers, which is a usable test when a journal's own wording runs out. Generating research hypotheses, writing manuscript sections, collecting or analyzing data, and producing figures or tables all require mandatory disclosure. Grammar correction and sentence refinement are optionally disclosable as long as you keep control of the content. Spell-checking, reference formatting, and literature searching are routine and normally need no declaration (Yoo, 2025, p. 7).",[11,57,58],{},"Do not expect the boundary to hold still. There is still no cross-journal consensus and no standard way to report AI use across the different stages of preparing a manuscript, even though ICMJE, COPE, WAME, and the European Commission all support disclosure and reject AI authorship (Mehta et al., 2026, p. 1). One proposed fix is a disclosure form covering three domains of use that outputs a standardized statement with a persistent, citable reference. Until something like that is normal, follow the stricter of your institution's rule and the journal's rule.",[11,60,61],{},"When you are unsure, declare. No paper has been rejected for disclosing a use that turned out to be exempt, and undisclosed use has produced retractions.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"ai-in-research","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","answer",{},true,[80,83],{"label":81,"to":82},"AI verification of claims and citations","\u002Fdocs\u002Fcore-concepts\u002Fai-verification",{"label":84,"to":85},"What separates AI research tools","\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-separates-ai-research-tools","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","do i need to disclose chatgpt use in a research paper",null,[90,91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided",{"title":5,"description":70},[94,98,101,104,107,110],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"Elsevier, generative AI policies for journals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.elsevier.com\u002Fabout\u002Fpolicies-and-standards\u002Fgenerative-ai-policies-for-journals","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Springer Nature, AI guidance for researchers","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.springernature.com\u002Fgp\u002Fgroup\u002Fai\u002Fai-guidance-for-our-researchers-and-communities",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"ICMJE, use of AI by authors and reviewers","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.icmje.org\u002Frecommendations\u002Fbrowse\u002Fartificial-intelligence\u002Fai-use-by-authors.html",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":97},"Mehta et al., A call for clarity: a unified checklist for reporting use of large language models in writing scientific manuscripts, Research Integrity and Peer Review (2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41073-026-00212-3",{"label":108,"url":109,"checked":97},"Yoo, Defining the Boundaries of AI Use in Scientific Writing: A Comparative Review of Editorial Policies, Journal of Korean Medical Science (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3346\u002Fjkms.2025.40.e187",{"label":111,"url":112,"checked":97},"Helmy et al., Ten simple rules for optimal and careful use of generative AI in science, PLoS Computational Biology (2025)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1013588","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","DIPohKHOXBaA5EDO3rT7u9AAR54R-PznTz97rtoKEsw",[116,121,125,130,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,171],{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":120},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.",{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":86,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":64},{"path":132,"heading":133,"description":134,"order":135},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":137,"heading":138,"description":139,"order":140},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":142,"heading":143,"description":144,"order":145},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":147,"heading":148,"description":149,"order":150},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":152,"heading":153,"description":154,"order":155},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":157,"heading":158,"description":159,"order":160},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":162,"heading":163,"description":164,"order":165},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":167,"heading":168,"description":169,"order":170},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":172,"heading":173,"description":174,"order":175},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,204,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,307,310,313,316,319,322,325,327,330,333,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443,446],{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":202,"heading":203},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":205,"heading":206},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":162,"heading":163},{"path":137,"heading":138},{"path":132,"heading":133},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":152,"heading":153},{"path":86,"heading":75},{"path":142,"heading":143},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":157,"heading":158},{"path":172,"heading":173},{"path":147,"heading":148},{"path":167,"heading":168},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":263,"heading":264},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":266,"heading":267},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":269,"heading":270},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":305,"heading":306},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":308,"heading":309},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":311,"heading":312},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":314,"heading":315},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":317,"heading":318},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":320,"heading":321},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":323,"heading":324},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":91,"heading":326},"How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":90,"heading":334},"How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":444,"heading":445},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":447,"heading":448},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768487]