[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":443},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review":3,"answers-cluster-ai-in-research":109,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review":170},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":66,"description":67,"extension":68,"faq":69,"heading":72,"intro":60,"kind":73,"meta":74,"navigation":75,"order":64,"outbound":76,"path":83,"primaryQuery":84,"product":85,"related":89,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":107,"updated":97,"__hash__":108},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review.md","Can You Use AI for a Literature Review?","Yes for the mechanical parts, and only with verification. AI is useful for screening, extracting findings from papers you supply, and drafting summaries you then check. It is not a substitute for reading the sources you cite, and no journal or examiner accepts an unverified reference.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":59},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,31,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The question is usually asked as though it had one answer, and it has several, because a literature review is not one task. Searching, screening, extracting, judging, structuring, and writing are different activities with different risks, and AI is genuinely useful for some and dangerous for others.",[11,15,16],{},"The dividing line is whether the tool has the source in front of it. A model asked to recall literature from memory produces references that do not exist, at rates measured in published studies at anywhere from a fifth to two thirds of the output. A tool that reads documents you supplied and points at the passage it used is doing something different and much safer, though still worth checking.",[11,18,19],{},"The second dividing line is whether a human judgment is being replaced or supported. Extracting the sample size from a paper is a mechanical task and a machine does it well. Deciding whether that sample size makes the finding credible is a judgment your examiner will hold you to, and it has to be yours.",[11,21,22],{},"The practical upshot is a workflow, not a verdict. Use the tools for volume work, keep the reading for the papers your argument stands on, and verify everything that ends up in your reference list. That is more or less how experienced researchers use research assistants too, and the accountability rules are the same.",[11,24,25],{},"Before you rely on any of it, check the rules that govern your specific submission. Smith et al. advise consulting the target journal's current policy, because journals differ on which uses they accept and revise their guidance over time, and they recommend disclosing the system you used, the methods and tools, its role, its limitations, and its possible effects on the research (Smith et al., 2024, p. 3). They also warn against unattributed AI-generated content and against putting confidential material into these systems (Smith et al., 2024, p. 2).",[27,28,30],"h2",{"id":29},"which-parts-of-the-process-can-ai-genuinely-help-with","Which parts of the process can AI genuinely help with?",[11,32,33],{},"Four. Screening abstracts against criteria you wrote. Pulling a specific finding out of a paper you already have. Translating a passage in a language you do not read. And drafting a first version of a paragraph from claims you supplied. All four produce output you check.",[11,35,36],{},"What these have in common is that the source is available and the check is cheap. You can confirm a screening decision by reading the abstract, and an extracted finding by opening the page. The work saved is real and the verification cost is small.",[11,38,39],{},"Screening is the part with the most published evidence behind it. Du et al. reviewed machine-learning models for abstract screening in health economics and outcomes research, a field where a single systematic review is estimated to cost an average of $141,194.80, and where major pharmaceutical companies run about 23.36 reviews a year and major academic centers about 177.32 (Du et al., 2024, p. 2). Their comparison found that transformer models consistently outperformed conventional machine-learning models when given only titles and abstracts, but that once all citation features were included the conventional models performed comparably at lower computational cost, which led the authors to name XGBoost and support-vector machines as workable screening choices (Du et al., 2024, p. 6). The same authors are cautious about the newer chat models, flagging bias and hallucination and calling for further evaluation of how such systems handle free-text eligibility criteria and explain their screening decisions (Du et al., 2024, p. 7).",[11,41,42],{},"Anything where verification would cost as much as doing the task yourself is not worth delegating. That includes asking for a summary of a literature you have not assembled, which is exactly the use with the worst error profile.",[27,44,46],{"id":45},"which-parts-have-to-stay-human","Which parts have to stay human?",[11,48,49],{},"Deciding what the question is, judging whether a study is any good, choosing which findings matter, and taking responsibility for every claim in the final text. Publishers are unanimous that accountability cannot be delegated, and a claim you did not verify is one you cannot defend.",[11,51,52],{},"Quality judgment is the one people most often try to hand over. A model can describe a study's design, and it cannot tell you whether that design is adequate for the inference your chapter needs, because that depends on what you are arguing.",[11,54,55],{},"Pautasso, writing from roughly 25 reviews produced during a PhD and postdoctoral career, treats a review as a compound task that combines searching, evaluating sources, synthesizing evidence, critical thinking, paraphrasing, and citation, and expects the finished text to identify methodological problems, areas of debate, and outstanding research questions rather than to collect summaries (Pautasso, 2013, pp. 1-3). That procedural advice is what keeps that work defensible under scrutiny. Record your search terms so the search can be replicated, track the papers whose PDFs you could not get, define exclusion criteria early, use a reference-management system, and search for existing reviews as well as primary studies (Pautasso, 2013, p. 1). Smith et al. add the verification half of the same discipline, which is to cross-reference anything a model tells you against reliable sources and to corroborate it with empirical evidence or expert judgment (Smith et al., 2024, pp. 1-2).",[11,57,58],{},"Structure is a second. The order of your review chapter is your argument, and an ordering generated from surface similarity between papers produces the topic-shaped review that supervisors ask you to rewrite.",{"title":60,"searchDepth":61,"depth":61,"links":62},"",4,[63,65],{"id":29,"depth":64,"text":30},2,{"id":45,"depth":64,"text":46},"ai-in-research","Whether AI can be used for a literature review, which parts of the process it genuinely helps with, and which parts have to stay human to survive examination.","md",[70,71],{"q":30,"a":33},{"q":46,"a":49},"Can I use AI for a literature review?","answer",{},true,[77,80],{"label":78,"to":79},"The literature review workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fliterature-review",{"label":81,"to":82},"What separates AI research tools","\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-separates-ai-research-tools","\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","can i use ai for a literature review",{"text":86,"to":87,"label":88},"Agent Bayes works only from papers you have added to your own library, so its answers are grounded in a corpus you chose rather than in whatever it recalls. Every claim links to the passage and page it came from, and when your library does not support an answer, it says so.","\u002Fproduct-tour","See how a library becomes a map",[90,91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review",{"title":5,"description":67},[94,98,101,104],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fpublicationethics.org\u002Fguidance\u002Fcope-position\u002Fauthorship-and-ai-tools","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Smith et al., Ten simple rules for using large language models in science, version 1.0, PLoS Computational Biology (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1011767",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"Du et al., Machine learning models for abstract screening task - A systematic literature review application for health economics and outcome research, BMC Medical Research Methodology (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12874-024-02224-3",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":97},"Pautasso, Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review, PLoS Computational Biology (2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003149","answers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","pFh4FijaVhsZn3wWn2ywvykmNl2cuwgKGQ1jkM-DzrY",[110,115,116,121,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,160,165],{"path":111,"heading":112,"description":113,"order":114},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?","Why language models produce citations to papers that do not exist, what published studies measured about how often it happens, and how to check a reference fast.",1,{"path":83,"heading":72,"description":67,"order":64},{"path":117,"heading":118,"description":119,"order":120},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?","Whether using ChatGPT in academic writing counts as plagiarism, where the line between editing and generating falls, and what university policies typically say.",3,{"path":122,"heading":123,"description":124,"order":61},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?","When AI use must be disclosed in a research paper, what the major publishers require and where the statement goes, and which uses are exempt from declaration.",{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?","Whether an AI tool can be named as an author on a research paper, what COPE and ICMJE say about it, and how to credit AI assistance properly instead.",5,{"path":131,"heading":132,"description":133,"order":134},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?","What published studies found about AI text detector accuracy, why detectors flag non-native English writers more often, and what to do if your writing is flagged.",6,{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?","How to cite ChatGPT and other AI tools in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago style, and whether a chat should be cited at all or described in the methods instead.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?","How to verify AI-generated citations in a few minutes, what a fabricated reference usually looks like, and how to confirm the source says what was claimed.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?","How reliable AI summaries of research papers are, what summarizers systematically get wrong, and how to check a summary in under two minutes.",9,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?","Whether AI can be used in a doctoral thesis, what university policies typically permit and require, and how to raise the question with your supervisor.",10,{"path":156,"heading":157,"description":158,"order":159},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?","Whether AI can be used to screen studies in a systematic review, what reporting guidelines require you to declare, and how to validate an automated screening step.",11,{"path":161,"heading":162,"description":163,"order":164},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?","Why an AI gives better answers when it works from documents you supplied, what retrieval is and why it reduces fabrication, and whether it removes errors entirely.",12,{"path":166,"heading":167,"description":168,"order":169},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?","Whether AI can be used to help write a peer review, what uploading an unpublished manuscript to a chatbot risks, and what publishers and funders currently allow.",13,[171,174,177,180,183,186,189,192,195,198,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,258,261,264,267,270,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440],{"path":172,"heading":173},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?",{"path":175,"heading":176},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?",{"path":178,"heading":179},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?",{"path":181,"heading":182},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?",{"path":184,"heading":185},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?",{"path":187,"heading":188},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?",{"path":190,"heading":191},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?",{"path":193,"heading":194},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?",{"path":196,"heading":197},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?",{"path":199,"heading":200},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?",{"path":156,"heading":157},{"path":131,"heading":132},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":83,"heading":72},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":122,"heading":123},{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":117,"heading":118},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":166,"heading":167},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":161,"heading":162},{"path":111,"heading":112},{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":90,"heading":257},"How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":91,"heading":271},"How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":273,"heading":274},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":276,"heading":277},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":279,"heading":280},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":282,"heading":283},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":285,"heading":286},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":288,"heading":289},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":291,"heading":292},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":294,"heading":295},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":297,"heading":298},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":300,"heading":301},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":303,"heading":304},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":306,"heading":307},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":309,"heading":310},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":312,"heading":313},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":315,"heading":316},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":318,"heading":319},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":435,"heading":436},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":438,"heading":439},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":441,"heading":442},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768469]