[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":434},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract":3,"answers-cluster-academic-writing":109,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract":155},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":72,"description":73,"extension":74,"faq":75,"heading":78,"intro":66,"kind":79,"meta":80,"navigation":81,"order":67,"outbound":82,"path":89,"primaryQuery":90,"product":91,"related":92,"seo":95,"sources":96,"stem":107,"updated":100,"__hash__":108},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract.md","How to Write an Abstract People Actually Read","Write it last, in six sentences: the problem, the gap, what you did, what you found, what it means, and who should care. Most abstracts spend four sentences on background and one on findings. Reverse that ratio and the abstract immediately gets better.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":65},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,37,40,43,46,49,53,56,59,62],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The abstract is the most read and least revised part of any piece of research writing. Almost everyone who encounters your work will read only this, and a large share of them are deciding in about twenty seconds whether to read further.",[11,15,16],{},"The most common failure is a background-heavy abstract. Four sentences establishing that the general area is important, one vague sentence about what was done, and a closing line saying the findings have implications. A reader finishes it without knowing what you found, which means the abstract has told them nothing they could not have guessed from the title.",[11,18,19],{},"The fix is to state the finding. Not \"results are discussed\" but the actual result, with the number if there is one. This feels like giving away the ending, and giving away the ending is the abstract's job.",[11,21,22],{},"Zhang states this as a rule for research writing generally: do not make the reader do the arithmetic or infer your conclusion from the information you present, and define uncommon terms instead of assuming the reader shares your vocabulary (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). The same paper asks for logical order, arguing that results should be presented according to their argumentative relationships rather than restated in several places (Zhang, 2014, p. 1).",[11,24,25],{},"Write it last and write it from the paper rather than from memory. An abstract drafted early describes the paper you intended to write, and the difference between that and the paper you wrote is the single most common source of inconsistency an examiner or reviewer notices.",[11,27,28],{},"Concision is selection rather than compression. Zhang asks that important aspects of the hypothesis carry supporting data, then qualifies it: when space is limited, cover one or two main aspects properly instead of covering everything thinly (Zhang, 2014, pp. 1-2). The sixth rule rejects unnecessary length, repetition, and excessive description (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). Applied to an abstract, that means cutting the sentence that repeats the title and reporting the one or two results that establish your claim rather than all of them.",[11,30,31],{},"If you draft with an AI tool, treat what it returns as prose to check, not as a source of results. Gao and colleagues found that generated abstracts carried entirely fabricated data, and the invented cohort sizes still fell in a plausible range, correlating with the real ones at r = 0.76, p \u003C 0.001 (Gao et al., 2023, p. 1). Blinded reviewers correctly identified 68% of the generated abstracts but wrongly flagged 14% of the real ones, and described the texts they suspected as vague and formulaic (Gao et al., 2023, p. 1). Check every number in your abstract against your own tables.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"what-is-the-sentence-by-sentence-structure-of-a-good-abstract","What is the sentence-by-sentence structure of a good abstract?",[11,38,39],{},"One sentence of context. One naming the specific gap. One or two on design, including sample and method. Two on the actual findings, with numbers if you have them. One on what follows. Around 200 to 250 words total, and no citations.",[11,41,42],{},"Check the target journal's requirements before you polish, since structured abstracts with fixed headings are mandatory in many fields and the word limit varies from 150 to 350.",[11,44,45],{},"That check gets skipped often enough to measure. Gao and colleagues compared 50 abstracts from five high-impact medical journals against 50 generated ones, and although every generated text looked like a scientific abstract, only 8 of them, 16%, followed the format required by the journal they were written for, for example the single-paragraph abstract in Nature Medicine against the JAMA headings such as Design, Setting, and Participants (Gao et al., 2023, p. 1). An abstract that reads well in the wrong structure still fails the journal's requirements.",[11,47,48],{},"Read it aloud once finished. Abstracts accumulate subordinate clauses because every author wants to qualify every claim, and the version that can be read aloud in one breath per sentence is almost always the clearer one.",[33,50,52],{"id":51},"how-is-a-thesis-abstract-different-from-a-paper-abstract","How is a thesis abstract different from a paper abstract?",[11,54,55],{},"It covers several studies rather than one, so it works at the level of the overall argument rather than individual results. It also usually has a word limit set by your regulations, often 300 to 500 words, and it is read by examiners deciding what kind of thesis they are about to read.",[11,57,58],{},"Because it spans chapters, the structural risk is different. A thesis abstract that lists each chapter reads as a table of contents. One that states the overall contribution, then names the evidence supporting it, reads as an argument.",[11,60,61],{},"Keep it consistent with the introduction and the conclusion. Those three passages make the same claim three times at different lengths, and any drift between them is the first thing a careful examiner notices.",[11,63,64],{},"Write the thesis abstract twice, months apart, without looking at the first version, then compare. Where the two agree you have found what the thesis is really about, and where they differ you have found what you have not yet decided.",{"title":66,"searchDepth":67,"depth":67,"links":68},"",4,[69,71],{"id":35,"depth":70,"text":36},2,{"id":51,"depth":70,"text":52},"academic-writing","How to write a research paper abstract sentence by sentence, what each sentence has to do, and how a thesis abstract differs from a journal article abstract.","md",[76,77],{"q":36,"a":39},{"q":52,"a":55},"How do I write an abstract for a research paper?","answer",{},true,[83,86],{"label":84,"to":85},"Outlining a paper from a map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Foutlining-a-paper",{"label":87,"to":88},"The literature review workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fliterature-review","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","how to write an abstract for a research paper",null,[93,94],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal",{"title":5,"description":73},[97,101,104],{"label":98,"url":99,"checked":100},"Zhang, Ten simple rules for writing research papers, PLoS Computational Biology (2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003453","2026-08-06",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":100},"Jambor and Bornhäuser, Ten simple rules for designing graphical abstracts, PLoS Computational Biology (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1011789",{"label":105,"url":106,"checked":100},"Gao et al., Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers, npj Digital Medicine (2023)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41746-023-00819-6","answers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","uZ3YOXo2uEd_xftDkS9tQWN7aOh3xTDy4LkfonXAIXA",[110,115,119,124,125,130,135,140,145,150],{"path":111,"heading":112,"description":113,"order":114},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?","The standard shape of a doctoral thesis chapter by chapter, roughly how long each chapter should be, and when in the process to write the introduction.",1,{"path":116,"heading":117,"description":118,"order":70},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?","What a thesis introduction has to establish, the order the moves go in, and how much of the literature belongs in the introduction rather than the review chapter.",{"path":120,"heading":121,"description":122,"order":123},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?","How to write a discussion that interprets rather than restates, what to do about findings that contradict the literature, and how honest the limitations should be.",3,{"path":89,"heading":78,"description":73,"order":67},{"path":126,"heading":127,"description":128,"order":129},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?","How to paraphrase a source properly, how different the wording has to be, and when quoting directly is the better choice than rewriting in your own words.",5,{"path":131,"heading":132,"description":133,"order":134},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?","What a methodology chapter has to contain, how much detail is enough, and how to justify your methodological choices rather than merely describing them.",6,{"path":136,"heading":137,"description":138,"order":139},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?","How to keep drafting when every second sentence needs a source, which placeholder system actually works, and when to go back and fill the citations in.",7,{"path":141,"heading":142,"description":143,"order":144},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?","How to build a writing habit that survives a doctorate, how long a writing session should actually be, and what to do on the days when nothing comes.",8,{"path":146,"heading":147,"description":148,"order":149},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?","How to choose between a thesis by publication and a traditional monograph, how published chapters get stitched together, and the risks each format carries.",9,{"path":151,"heading":152,"description":153,"order":154},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?","A realistic length for a doctoral literature review chapter, roughly how many sources that comes to, and what to cut when the chapter has run too long.",10,[156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,265,268,271,274,277,280,283,286,289,292,295,298,301,304,306,309,312,315,318,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431],{"path":136,"heading":137},{"path":151,"heading":152},{"path":126,"heading":127},{"path":111,"heading":112},{"path":146,"heading":147},{"path":120,"heading":121},{"path":131,"heading":132},{"path":116,"heading":117},{"path":89,"heading":78},{"path":141,"heading":142},{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":263,"heading":264},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":266,"heading":267},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":269,"heading":270},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":272,"heading":273},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":275,"heading":276},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":278,"heading":279},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":281,"heading":282},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":284,"heading":285},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":287,"heading":288},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":290,"heading":291},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":293,"heading":294},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":296,"heading":297},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":299,"heading":300},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":302,"heading":303},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":94,"heading":305},"How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":93,"heading":319},"How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":321,"heading":322},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":324,"heading":325},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":327,"heading":328},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":330,"heading":331},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":333,"heading":334},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":336,"heading":337},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":339,"heading":340},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":342,"heading":343},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":345,"heading":346},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":348,"heading":349},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":351,"heading":352},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":354,"heading":355},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":357,"heading":358},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":360,"heading":361},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":363,"heading":364},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":366,"heading":367},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":369,"heading":370},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":372,"heading":373},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":375,"heading":376},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":378,"heading":379},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":381,"heading":382},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":384,"heading":385},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":387,"heading":388},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":390,"heading":391},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":393,"heading":394},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":396,"heading":397},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":399,"heading":400},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":402,"heading":403},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":405,"heading":406},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":432,"heading":433},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014769043]