[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":431},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction":3,"answers-cluster-academic-writing":106,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction":152},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":67,"outbound":79,"path":86,"primaryQuery":87,"product":88,"related":89,"seo":92,"sources":93,"stem":104,"updated":97,"__hash__":105},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction.md","How to Write a Thesis Introduction That Works","Write it last, from the finished chapters, and make it do four things: establish that the problem matters, show what is missing, state your question and contribution, and tell the reader how the thesis is organized. Four moves, usually four to six thousand words.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,47,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The introduction is the chapter examiners read most carefully and the one most often written first, when you knew least. Both facts point the same way: draft it early as a planning document and rewrite it completely at the end.",[11,15,16],{},"The four moves have a fixed order because each one depends on the last. Significance first, because a reader who does not see why the topic matters will not care what is missing from it. Then the gap, stated specifically enough to be checkable. Then your question and your contribution, which is what fills the gap. Then the map of the thesis.",[11,18,19],{},"The move most often done badly is significance. Opening with a broad statement about the importance of the general area is the weakest available start, because it is true of everything and specific to nothing. A better opening names a concrete problem or a real disagreement in the field, in the first two sentences.",[11,21,22],{},"The contribution statement is the second. Many introductions describe what the thesis does without ever saying what it adds. \"This thesis examines X in Y\" is an activity. \"This thesis shows that X does not hold in Y, and explains why\" is a contribution, and it is what an examiner will test.",[11,24,25],{},"Naming the problem also means naming who has it. Zhang's rules for research papers ask you to keep the text self-contained, supply the background an intended reader actually needs, and define uncommon terms instead of assuming your reader shares your training (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). Pautasso opens the review guidance with the same instruction, define the topic and define the audience before writing anything (Pautasso, 2013, p. 1). For a thesis introduction that rules out both failure modes, an opening built from specialist vocabulary no examiner outside your subfield can parse, and an opening that teaches the whole field from scratch.",[11,27,28],{},"Stating the gap specifically enough to be checkable means saying what kind of gap it is. Lingard names four: a straightforward knowledge deficit, a methodological or philosophical shortcoming, an active controversy, and a widely held assumption nobody has tested (Lingard, 2018, Part I, pp. 48-49). Her examples run from the absence of research on longitudinal integrated clerkships and student abuse, to surveys that count medical errors without asking residents about their own experience of them, to disagreement over what professionalism in medicine means, to the untested belief that technology will fix teamwork problems. \"Few studies have examined\" commits to none of these. Naming the type does, and it also forces coherence between the gap and the method you chose to address it (Lingard, 2018, Part I, p. 49).",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"what-does-an-introduction-have-to-establish","What does an introduction have to establish?",[11,35,36],{},"That the topic matters to someone beyond you, that a specific gap exists, that your question addresses it, and that the thesis is organized in a way the reader can follow. An examiner who finishes the introduction should be able to state your contribution in one sentence.",[11,38,39],{},"Test this directly. Give the introduction to someone outside your subfield and ask them to write down, in one sentence, what the thesis contributes. If they cannot, or if they write something you disagree with, the introduction has not done its job yet.",[11,41,42],{},"The chapter map at the end deserves more care than it usually gets. One short paragraph per chapter, saying what each does rather than what it is about, gives the examiner a structure to read against.",[30,44,46],{"id":45},"how-much-literature-belongs-in-the-introduction","How much literature belongs in the introduction?",[11,48,49],{},"Only what is needed to establish the gap, usually a page or two of the most important work. The introduction shows the reader that a question exists. The review chapter shows them the field in detail. Repeating the review in miniature makes both chapters weaker.",[11,51,52],{},"The test is whether a citation in the introduction is doing argumentative work. If it establishes that the problem is real, or that a specific piece is missing, it belongs. If it is there for completeness, it belongs in the review.",[11,54,55],{},"Lingard's name for the alternative is the laundry list, the review that reproduces everything the author has read (Lingard, 2018, Part I, pp. 47-48). The replacement is a map: draw the established areas of knowledge, but arrange them around the white space your thesis will occupy, and stop short of filling the map so completely that nothing is left to do (Lingard, 2018, Part I, p. 47). Pautasso emphasizes something different, critical coverage, so that a reader finishes the review knowing the field's major achievements, its areas of debate, and its outstanding questions (Pautasso, 2013, p. 3). In the introduction, apply Lingard's selectivity. Pautasso's coverage test is what the review chapter has to pass.",[11,57,58],{},"Where the boundary is genuinely awkward, decide by what the reader needs at that moment. In the introduction they need to accept that a question is worth asking. Anything more is a delay before the thing they came for, which is your question.",[11,60,61],{},"Check the gap again before you submit. Pautasso warns that a claimed gap can stop being a gap while you write, through papers in press, studies indexed only recently, or older work that went uncited for years and was then rediscovered, and recommends searching the literature once more during revision (Pautasso, 2013, pp. 3-4). The preparation matters as much as the check. Record your search terms so the search can be repeated, set exclusion criteria early, use a reference manager, and read previous reviews alongside primary studies (Pautasso, 2013, p. 1). A thesis introduction is selective in what it presents and systematic in what stands behind it.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":45,"depth":67,"text":46},"academic-writing","What a thesis introduction has to establish, the order the moves go in, and how much of the literature belongs in the introduction rather than the review chapter.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":46,"a":49},"How do I write a thesis introduction?","answer",{},true,[80,83],{"label":81,"to":82},"Outlining a paper from a map","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Foutlining-a-paper",{"label":84,"to":85},"Gap finding as a workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fgap-finding","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","how to write a phd thesis introduction",null,[90,91],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement",{"title":5,"description":70},[94,98,101],{"label":95,"url":96,"checked":97},"Lingard, Writing an effective literature review: Part I: Mapping the gap, Perspectives on Medical Education (2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs40037-017-0401-x","2026-08-06",{"label":99,"url":100,"checked":97},"Zhang, Ten simple rules for writing research papers, PLoS Computational Biology (2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003453",{"label":102,"url":103,"checked":97},"Pautasso, Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review, PLoS Computational Biology (2013)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003149","answers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","yMtXHNt6k5xZorkvOaMTgPfHXaB8rYM2S5_kYbt18mM",[107,112,113,118,122,127,132,137,142,147],{"path":108,"heading":109,"description":110,"order":111},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?","The standard shape of a doctoral thesis chapter by chapter, roughly how long each chapter should be, and when in the process to write the introduction.",1,{"path":86,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":67},{"path":114,"heading":115,"description":116,"order":117},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?","How to write a discussion that interprets rather than restates, what to do about findings that contradict the literature, and how honest the limitations should be.",3,{"path":119,"heading":120,"description":121,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?","How to write a research paper abstract sentence by sentence, what each sentence has to do, and how a thesis abstract differs from a journal article abstract.",{"path":123,"heading":124,"description":125,"order":126},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?","How to paraphrase a source properly, how different the wording has to be, and when quoting directly is the better choice than rewriting in your own words.",5,{"path":128,"heading":129,"description":130,"order":131},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?","What a methodology chapter has to contain, how much detail is enough, and how to justify your methodological choices rather than merely describing them.",6,{"path":133,"heading":134,"description":135,"order":136},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?","How to keep drafting when every second sentence needs a source, which placeholder system actually works, and when to go back and fill the citations in.",7,{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?","How to build a writing habit that survives a doctorate, how long a writing session should actually be, and what to do on the days when nothing comes.",8,{"path":143,"heading":144,"description":145,"order":146},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?","How to choose between a thesis by publication and a traditional monograph, how published chapters get stitched together, and the risks each format carries.",9,{"path":148,"heading":149,"description":150,"order":151},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?","A realistic length for a doctoral literature review chapter, roughly how many sources that comes to, and what to cut when the chapter has run too long.",10,[153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,330,333,336,339,342,345,348,351,354,357,360,363,366,369,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393,396,399,402,405,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428],{"path":133,"heading":134},{"path":148,"heading":149},{"path":123,"heading":124},{"path":108,"heading":109},{"path":143,"heading":144},{"path":114,"heading":115},{"path":128,"heading":129},{"path":86,"heading":75},{"path":119,"heading":120},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":164,"heading":165},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":90,"heading":257},"How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":259,"heading":260},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":262,"heading":263},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":319,"heading":320},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":322,"heading":323},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":325,"heading":326},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":334,"heading":335},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":337,"heading":338},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":340,"heading":341},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":343,"heading":344},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":346,"heading":347},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":349,"heading":350},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":352,"heading":353},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":355,"heading":356},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":358,"heading":359},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":361,"heading":362},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":364,"heading":365},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":367,"heading":368},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":370,"heading":371},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":373,"heading":374},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":376,"heading":377},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":379,"heading":380},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":382,"heading":383},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":385,"heading":386},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":388,"heading":389},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":391,"heading":392},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":394,"heading":395},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":397,"heading":398},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":400,"heading":401},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":403,"heading":404},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":91,"heading":406},"How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":408,"heading":409},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":411,"heading":412},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":414,"heading":415},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":417,"heading":418},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":420,"heading":421},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":423,"heading":424},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":426,"heading":427},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means","What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768936]