[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":431},["ShallowReactive",2],{"answers-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section":3,"answers-cluster-academic-writing":107,"answers-related-\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section":152},{"id":4,"title":5,"answer":6,"body":7,"cluster":69,"description":70,"extension":71,"faq":72,"heading":75,"intro":63,"kind":76,"meta":77,"navigation":78,"order":79,"outbound":80,"path":87,"primaryQuery":88,"product":89,"related":90,"seo":93,"sources":94,"stem":105,"updated":98,"__hash__":106},"answers\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section.md","Writing a Discussion Section Without Repeating Results","Change the subject of your sentences. Results sentences have measurements as their subject. Discussion sentences have ideas as their subject. Instead of restating what you found, say what it means for the question, why it turned out that way, and what it changes.",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":62},"minimark",[10,14,17,20,23,26,29,34,37,40,43,46,50,53,56,59],[11,12,13],"p",{},"The repetition problem has a mechanical cause. You wrote the results, then sat down to write the discussion, and the only material in your head was the results. What is missing is the second input: the literature, and specifically the expectations the literature set up.",[11,15,16],{},"So write the discussion with your review chapter open. Every finding either matched what the field expected, exceeded it, fell short of it, or pointed the other way, and each of those four is a different paragraph with a different job. That framing gives you something to say that is not a restatement.",[11,18,19],{},"The order that works is the reverse of the results section. Start with the most important finding rather than the first one, since the discussion is organized by significance rather than by the sequence of analysis. Then take the surprises. Then the null results, which deserve interpretation rather than an apology.",[11,21,22],{},"One paragraph is worth planning explicitly: what your findings mean for the question in the introduction. Many discussions interpret each result locally and never return to the question that motivated the whole thesis, which leaves the examiner to do the joining.",[11,24,25],{},"Hold on to one division of labor while drafting. The results section carries the underlying story of what the data show, and the discussion explains what those results imply (Zhang, 2014, pp. 1-2). The specific warning there is against restating what a self-contained figure or table already displays. So do not write that Figure 2 shows group A scoring above group B. Write what that gap does to your hypothesis and to the problem you set out to solve. When space is short, take the one or two findings that answer your research questions most directly, give them real detail, and move the rest to supporting material (Zhang, 2014, pp. 1-2).",[11,27,28],{},"Interpretation also means finishing the inference for the reader. Zhang's phrasing is that you should not make readers do the arithmetic or work the conclusion out of the data you presented (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). If your analysis rests on a hypergeometric enrichment test, repeating the p-value is not interpretation. Define the term for the audience you expect, then state the conclusion that follows from it. The same source sets the ceiling on that move: do not exaggerate and do not belittle the significance of your results (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). Keep what the data establish separate from what they only suggest.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"how-do-i-discuss-findings-that-contradict-the-literature","How do I discuss findings that contradict the literature?",[11,35,36],{},"Lead with the contradiction rather than burying it, then work through the candidate explanations: differences in sample, measure, setting, or analysis. Say which explanation you find most likely and why. A contradiction handled openly is a contribution, and one handled quietly looks like an error you missed.",[11,38,39],{},"Check the mundane explanations first and say that you did. A different result can come from a different measure, a different population, a different time period, or an analysis choice, and ruling those out is what makes the interesting explanation credible.",[11,41,42],{},"Do not overclaim in either direction. Your study does not overturn a literature on its own, and it also does not have to defer to it. The honest position is usually that the evidence now points in two directions and here is what would resolve it.",[11,44,45],{},"Reviewers arrive with a short list of standing objections, and you can draft against them. Zhang names three that recur: the hypothesis was not adequately studied, an important earlier result was left out, or the new result is inconsistent with previous work (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). Turn each one into a question your paragraph has to answer. Does this finding address the hypothesis you stated? Does it agree with the prior work you cited? If it does not, what explanation does your own evidence actually permit?",[30,47,49],{"id":48},"how-honest-should-the-limitations-section-be","How honest should the limitations section be?",[11,51,52],{},"Honest about anything that affects how your findings should be read, and specific about consequences. \"The sample was drawn from one region, so the estimate may not transfer\" is useful. Listing every imperfection is not, and it dilutes the limitations that genuinely matter.",[11,54,55],{},"Examiners read this section closely, and they are testing judgment rather than looking for weaknesses to punish. A candidate who names the three limitations that matter, in the right order of seriousness, demonstrates exactly the awareness a doctorate is meant to certify.",[11,57,58],{},"Pair each limitation with what it does and does not undermine. That turns a list of apologies into an argument about the scope of your claims, which is what the section is for.",[11,60,61],{},"Repetition is usually a structural problem rather than a sentence problem, so fix it by reordering rather than by cutting repeated lines at the end. Zhang argues for arranging studies and findings in a clear logical order, because an earlier result can establish the premise for a later argument, and planning that order stops the same issue from being discussed in several places (Zhang, 2014, p. 1). Then leave the chapter alone for a day or two and reread it as an impartial referee, checking significance, logic, conclusions, organization, and presentation (Zhang, 2014, p. 2). Before you submit, present the work in a lab meeting, a departmental seminar, or a thesis committee discussion (Zhang, 2014, p. 2).",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",4,[66,68],{"id":32,"depth":67,"text":33},2,{"id":48,"depth":67,"text":49},"academic-writing","How to write a discussion that interprets rather than restates, what to do about findings that contradict the literature, and how honest the limitations should be.","md",[73,74],{"q":33,"a":36},{"q":49,"a":52},"How do I write a discussion section without repeating the results?","answer",{},true,3,[81,84],{"label":82,"to":83},"Comparative analysis as a workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fcomparative-analysis",{"label":85,"to":86},"The literature review workflow","\u002Fdocs\u002Fresearch-workflows\u002Fliterature-review","\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","how to write a discussion section without repeating results",null,[91,92],"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fstudies-with-opposite-conclusions","\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwhat-a-p-value-means",{"title":5,"description":70},[95,99,102],{"label":96,"url":97,"checked":98},"Docherty and Smith, The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers, BMJ (1999)","https:\u002F\u002Feuropepmc.org\u002Farticles\u002FPMC1115594","2026-08-06",{"label":100,"url":101,"checked":98},"Zhang, Ten simple rules for writing research papers, PLoS Computational Biology (2014)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1003453",{"label":103,"url":104,"checked":98},"Jambor and Bornhäuser, Ten simple rules for designing graphical abstracts, PLoS Computational Biology (2024)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1011789","answers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-discussion-section","TB5GHrkFHeC0Hn_6VcWVMBH0axW4Nm3-sv6sarcrH4g",[108,113,117,118,122,127,132,137,142,147],{"path":109,"heading":110,"description":111,"order":112},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fstructure-a-phd-thesis","How do I structure a PhD thesis chapter by chapter?","The standard shape of a doctoral thesis chapter by chapter, roughly how long each chapter should be, and when in the process to write the introduction.",1,{"path":114,"heading":115,"description":116,"order":67},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-thesis-introduction","How do I write a thesis introduction?","What a thesis introduction has to establish, the order the moves go in, and how much of the literature belongs in the introduction rather than the review chapter.",{"path":87,"heading":75,"description":70,"order":79},{"path":119,"heading":120,"description":121,"order":64},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-an-abstract","How do I write an abstract for a research paper?","How to write a research paper abstract sentence by sentence, what each sentence has to do, and how a thesis abstract differs from a journal article abstract.",{"path":123,"heading":124,"description":125,"order":126},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fparaphrase-without-plagiarizing","How do I paraphrase a source without plagiarizing?","How to paraphrase a source properly, how different the wording has to be, and when quoting directly is the better choice than rewriting in your own words.",5,{"path":128,"heading":129,"description":130,"order":131},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-a-methodology-chapter","How do I write a methodology chapter?","What a methodology chapter has to contain, how much detail is enough, and how to justify your methodological choices rather than merely describing them.",6,{"path":133,"heading":134,"description":135,"order":136},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fdraft-without-stopping-for-citations","How do I draft when I keep stopping to look up citations?","How to keep drafting when every second sentence needs a source, which placeholder system actually works, and when to go back and fill the citations in.",7,{"path":138,"heading":139,"description":140,"order":141},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fwrite-consistently-during-a-phd","How do I write consistently during a PhD?","How to build a writing habit that survives a doctorate, how long a writing session should actually be, and what to do on the days when nothing comes.",8,{"path":143,"heading":144,"description":145,"order":146},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fthesis-by-publication-or-monograph","Should I do a thesis by publication or a monograph?","How to choose between a thesis by publication and a traditional monograph, how published chapters get stitched together, and the risks each format carries.",9,{"path":148,"heading":149,"description":150,"order":151},"\u002Fanswers\u002Facademic-writing\u002Fhow-long-should-a-literature-review-chapter-be","How long should a literature review chapter be?","A realistic length for a doctoral literature review chapter, roughly how many sources that comes to, and what to cut when the chapter has run too long.",10,[153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,166,169,172,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238,241,244,247,250,253,256,259,262,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,291,294,297,300,303,306,309,312,315,318,321,324,327,330,333,336,339,342,345,348,351,354,357,360,363,366,369,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393,396,399,402,405,408,411,414,417,420,423,426,428],{"path":133,"heading":134},{"path":148,"heading":149},{"path":123,"heading":124},{"path":109,"heading":110},{"path":143,"heading":144},{"path":87,"heading":75},{"path":128,"heading":129},{"path":114,"heading":115},{"path":119,"heading":120},{"path":138,"heading":139},{"path":164,"heading":165},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fai-for-systematic-review-screening","Can I use AI for screening in a systematic review?",{"path":167,"heading":168},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fare-ai-detectors-reliable","Are AI detectors reliable?",{"path":170,"heading":171},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-an-ai-be-an-author","Can an AI tool be listed as an author on a paper?",{"path":173,"heading":174},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-i-use-ai-for-a-literature-review","Can I use AI for a literature review?",{"path":176,"heading":177},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fcan-you-trust-an-ai-summary","Can I trust AI summaries of research papers?",{"path":179,"heading":180},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fdisclose-ai-use-in-a-paper","Do I need to disclose AI use in a research paper?",{"path":182,"heading":183},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fhow-to-cite-chatgpt","How do I cite ChatGPT in APA 7?",{"path":185,"heading":186},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fis-using-chatgpt-plagiarism","Is using ChatGPT for academic writing plagiarism?",{"path":188,"heading":189},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-in-a-phd-thesis","Can I use AI in a PhD thesis?",{"path":191,"heading":192},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fusing-ai-to-write-a-peer-review","Can I use AI to help write a peer review?",{"path":194,"heading":195},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fverify-ai-generated-citations","How do I check whether AI-generated citations are real?",{"path":197,"heading":198},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-ai-answers-better-on-your-own-pdfs","Why does an AI answer better when it reads my own PDFs?",{"path":200,"heading":201},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fai-in-research\u002Fwhy-chatgpt-invents-references","Why does ChatGPT make up references?",{"path":203,"heading":204},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcheck-every-claim-against-its-citation","How do I check that every claim in my thesis is supported by its citation?",{"path":206,"heading":207},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcite-the-paper-you-read-or-the-original","Should I cite the paper I read or the original study it references?",{"path":209,"heading":210},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fcited-source-does-not-say-that","What do I do when a paper's cited source does not support its claim?",{"path":212,"heading":213},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-paper-you-cannot-access","Can I cite a paper I cannot get hold of?",{"path":215,"heading":216},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fciting-a-review-instead-of-the-original","Is citing a review instead of the original research bad practice?",{"path":218,"heading":219},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fdo-i-need-to-cite-everything","Do I need to cite absolutely everything in a thesis?",{"path":221,"heading":222},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fhow-much-self-citation","How much self-citation is acceptable?",{"path":224,"heading":225},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fjournal-page-number-or-pdf-page-number","Do I use the journal page number or the PDF page number in a citation?",{"path":227,"heading":228},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fquoting-a-source-in-another-language","How do I quote a source in another language in an English thesis?",{"path":230,"heading":231},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fwhere-does-the-citation-go","Where should a citation go when only one clause in a sentence needs support?",{"path":233,"heading":234},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fyou-described-a-result-too-broadly","How do I fix a sentence that describes a study's result too broadly?",{"path":236,"heading":237},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fcitations\u002Fzotero-or-mendeley","Should I use Zotero or Mendeley for a PhD?",{"path":239,"heading":240},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fbuild-a-synthesis-matrix","How do I build a synthesis matrix when my themes keep changing as I read?",{"path":242,"heading":243},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fkeep-a-literature-review-current","How do I keep a literature review current over a multi-year PhD?",{"path":245,"heading":246},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-synthesis-or-summary","How do I know if my literature review is synthesis or just a summary?",{"path":248,"heading":249},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fliterature-review-too-descriptive","What does it mean when a supervisor says a literature review is too descriptive?",{"path":251,"heading":252},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fnarrative-scoping-or-systematic-review","What is the difference between a narrative literature review and a systematic review?",{"path":254,"heading":255},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Forganize-literature-review-by-argument","How do I organize a literature review by argument instead of by paper?",{"path":257,"heading":258},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Freview-that-leads-to-your-question","How do I write a literature review that leads logically to my research question?",{"path":260,"heading":261},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fscreening-abstracts-for-a-review","How do I screen hundreds of abstracts for a systematic review?",{"path":91,"heading":263},"What do I write when two studies on the same question reach opposite conclusions?",{"path":265,"heading":266},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsynthesis-matrix-into-paragraphs","How do I turn a synthesis matrix into literature review paragraphs?",{"path":268,"heading":269},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fsystematic-review-search-strategy","How do I build a search strategy for a systematic review?",{"path":271,"heading":272},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fliterature-review\u002Fwhen-to-stop-searching-for-papers","How do I know when to stop searching for papers for a literature review?",{"path":274,"heading":275},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fdefend-your-methodology-in-a-viva","How do I defend my methodology in a viva?",{"path":277,"heading":278},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fimposter-syndrome-in-a-phd","How do I deal with imposter syndrome during a PhD?",{"path":280,"heading":281},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fplan-a-realistic-phd-timeline","How do I plan a realistic PhD timeline?",{"path":283,"heading":284},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fpostdoc-or-industry","Should I do a postdoc or go to industry after my PhD?",{"path":286,"heading":287},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fprepare-for-a-phd-viva","How do I prepare for a PhD viva?",{"path":289,"heading":290},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fstop-procrastinating-on-your-phd","How do I stop procrastinating on my PhD?",{"path":292,"heading":293},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhat-happens-if-a-viva-goes-badly","What happens if you fail a PhD viva?",{"path":295,"heading":296},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwhen-your-supervisor-is-not-supportive","What do I do when my PhD supervisor is not supportive?",{"path":298,"heading":299},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fphd-life\u002Fwrite-an-academic-cv","How do I write an academic CV for a postdoc application?",{"path":301,"heading":302},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fchoose-a-journal","How do I choose a journal for my paper?",{"path":304,"heading":305},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fdo-you-pay-to-publish-open-access","Do I have to pay to publish open access?",{"path":307,"heading":308},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-author-order-is-decided","How is author order decided on a paper?",{"path":310,"heading":311},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-peer-review-works","How does journal peer review actually work?",{"path":313,"heading":314},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fhow-to-cite-a-preprint","How do I cite a preprint?",{"path":316,"heading":317},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fjournal-submission-cover-letter","How do I write a cover letter for a journal submission?",{"path":319,"heading":320},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Frespond-to-reviewer-comments","How do I respond to peer reviewer comments?",{"path":322,"heading":323},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fshould-you-post-a-preprint","Should I post my paper as a preprint?",{"path":325,"heading":326},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fspot-a-predatory-journal","How do I tell if a journal is predatory?",{"path":328,"heading":329},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fpublishing\u002Fwhy-papers-get-desk-rejected","Why was my paper desk rejected?",{"path":331,"heading":332},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ffind-the-paper-you-half-remember","How do I find a paper when I only remember the argument it made?",{"path":334,"heading":335},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhighlighting-pdfs-stops-working","Why can I never find my PDF highlights again?",{"path":337,"heading":338},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fhow-many-papers-can-you-read-a-day","How many papers can a PhD student realistically read in a day?",{"path":340,"heading":341},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fkeep-up-with-new-papers","How do I keep up with new papers without reading everything?",{"path":343,"heading":344},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnon-english-studies-in-a-review","How do I include non-English studies in a literature review?",{"path":346,"heading":347},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fnote-system-takes-too-long","What do I do when my note-taking system takes longer than reading the papers?",{"path":349,"heading":350},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Forganize-100-papers","How do I organize and extract information from more than 100 papers?",{"path":352,"heading":353},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Freading-papers-in-a-second-language","How do I read research papers efficiently when English is my second language?",{"path":355,"heading":356},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Fremember-what-a-paper-said","How do I remember what was in papers I read months ago?",{"path":358,"heading":359},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Frestart-a-project-after-months-away","How do I get back into a research project after months away?",{"path":361,"heading":362},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftrack-connections-between-papers","How do I keep track of connections between papers?",{"path":364,"heading":365},"\u002Fanswers\u002Freading-and-notes\u002Ftriage-pdfs-before-reading","How do I triage 200 PDFs before deciding which ones to read in full?",{"path":367,"heading":368},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fanonymize-qualitative-data","How do I anonymize qualitative interview data?",{"path":370,"heading":371},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Ffair-data-principles-in-practice","What are the FAIR data principles?",{"path":373,"heading":374},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Forganize-research-data-files","How do I organize research data files?",{"path":376,"heading":377},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwhat-preregistration-is","What is preregistration in research?",{"path":379,"heading":380},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-data\u002Fwrite-a-data-management-plan","How do I write a data management plan?",{"path":382,"heading":383},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fchoose-a-theoretical-framework","How do I choose a theoretical framework for my thesis?",{"path":385,"heading":386},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Ffind-a-research-gap","How do I identify a research gap in the literature?",{"path":388,"heading":389},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fis-my-research-gap-original","How do I know if my research gap is original?",{"path":391,"heading":392},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fnarrow-a-broad-research-question","How do I narrow down a research question that is too broad?",{"path":394,"heading":395},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-changed-mid-phd","Can a research question change during a PhD?",{"path":397,"heading":398},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fresearch-question-or-hypothesis","What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?",{"path":400,"heading":401},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fturn-a-topic-into-a-research-question","How do I turn a research topic into a research question?",{"path":403,"heading":404},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwhat-makes-a-good-research-question","What makes a good research question in a PhD thesis?",{"path":406,"heading":407},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-gaps\u002Fwrite-a-research-gap-statement","How do I write a research gap statement?",{"path":409,"heading":410},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fchoose-a-statistical-test","How do I choose which statistical test to use?",{"path":412,"heading":413},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-many-interviews-is-enough","How many interviews are enough for a qualitative study?",{"path":415,"heading":416},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fhow-to-do-thematic-analysis","How do I do thematic analysis step by step?",{"path":418,"heading":419},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Finductive-or-deductive-coding","What is the difference between inductive and deductive thematic analysis?",{"path":421,"heading":422},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fintegrate-mixed-methods-data","How do I integrate qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed methods study?",{"path":424,"heading":425},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Frigour-in-qualitative-research","How do I show rigour in qualitative research?",{"path":92,"heading":427},"What does a p value actually mean?",{"path":429,"heading":430},"\u002Fanswers\u002Fresearch-methods\u002Fwork-out-your-sample-size","How do I calculate the sample size for a study?",1786014768946]